前戏:前几篇文章其实都是些基础必备的,什么变量、继承、占位符、混合宏...这回来高级点的,玩玩 Sass自带的一些函数...有字符串函数( String Functions)、数字函数( Number Functions)、列表函数( List Functions)、颜色函数( Color Functions)、 Introspection函数( Introspection Functions)、三元函数( Miscellaneous Function)
1. 字符串函数
1.1 quote()
quote($string)给 $string前后添加引号。
//SCSS:p:after{ content: quote(hello +' '+ sass); //中间有空格(其他特殊符号)需要拼字符串;quote(hello sass); 直接这样会报错;}p:before{ content: quote('This\'s' + ' ' + 'bug'); //如果$string本身就带有引号,则会统一换成双引号`""`;}//编译为:p:after { content: "hello sass"; }p:before { content: "This's bug"; }
1.2 unquote()
unquote($string)删除 $string前后的引号。
//SCSS:p:after{ content: unquote("This's bug"); //中间的引号未被删除;}p:before{ content: unquote(Thissbug); //如$string本身就不带引号,则返回$string本身;}//编译为:p:after { content: This's bug; }p:before { content: sass; }
其实吧!这俩玩意在项目中我还真没用到过!
1.3 str-length()
str-length($string)返回 $string的长度。
//SCSS:p:before { content: str-length('hello sass!'); }//编译为:p:before { content: 11; }
1.4 to-upper-case()
to-upper-case($string)将 $string小写字母转成大写字母。
//SCSS:p:before { content: to-upper-case('hello sass!'); }//编译为:p:before { content: "HELLO SASS!"; }
1.5 to-lower-case()
to-lower-case($string)将 $string大写字母转成小写字母。
//SCSS:p:before { content: to-lower-case('HELLO SASS!'); }//编译为:p:before { content: "hello sass!"; }
2. 数字函数
2.1 percentage()
percentage($number)将一个不带单位的数值转成百分比。
//SCSS:.box{ width: percentage(.5)}.box2{ width: percentage(.1rem / .3rem)}
经测试,两个相同的单位,除了用除法 '/' 其他+-%均会报错,且用除法 '/' 也只能在两个相同类型的单位之间进行运算;*
//编译为:.box { width: 50%; }.box2 { width: 33.33333%; }
2.2 round()
round($number)将 $number四舍五入为整数, $number可带单位。
//SCSS:.xs-row{ width: round(33.33333333333333px)}//编译为:.xs-row { width: 33px; }
2.3 ceil()
ceil($number)大于 $number,向上取整。
//SCSS.fs14{ font-size: ceil(13.1px)}.fs16{ font-size: ceil(15.9px)}//编译为:.fs14 { font-size: 14px; }.fs16 { font-size: 16px; }
2.4 floor()
与 ceil()相反, floor($number)去除 $number小数,向下取整。
//SCSS:.fs14{ font-size: floor(14.1px) }.fs16{ font-size: floor(16.9px) }//编译为:.fs14 { font-size: 14px; }.fs16 { font-size: 16px; }
2.5 abs()
abs($number),返回 $number的绝对值。
//SCSS:.fs16{ font-size: abs(-1.6rem) }.fs18{ font-size: abs(1.8rem) }//编译为:.fs16{ font-size: 1.6rem; }.fs18{ font-size: 1.8rem; }
2.6 min() max()
min($numbers…),返回 $number...的最小值。
max($numbers…),返回 $number...的最大值。
//SCSS:div{ width: min(2rem, 10rem) }div{ width: max(2rem, 10rem) }div{ width: max(2px, 10rem) } //非相同的单位,报错//编译为:div { width: 2rem; }div { width: 10rem; }Incompatible units: 'rem' and 'px'
2.7 random()
random([$limit]),返回一个随机数。
//SCSS:div { height: random(); //直接调用 width: random(666); //传个参}//编译为:div { height: 0.3649; width: 403;}
3. 列表函数
常用
3.1 length() nth()
length($list),返回 $list的长度值;
nth($list, $n),返回 $list中指定的某个 $n,且 $n必须是大于0的整数;
Javascript的Array()的索引是从0开始的,厄...有点扯远了,用过 css3的 :nth-child(n)都应该知道啦,索引下标也是从1开始的,So.....
//SCSS:$list: google, baidu, sogo;@for $i from 1 through length($list){ //取$list的length并循环输出; .icon-#{nth($list, $i)}{ //$list中的某个索引值; content: '#{nth($list, $i)}' }}//编译为:.icon-google { content: "google"; }.icon-baidu { content: "baidu"; }.icon-sogo { content: "sogo"; }
3.2 join()
join($list1, $list2, [$separator])将两个列表给连接在起来,组成一个列表;
$separator默认值是 auto,另外还有 comma和 space两个值,其中 comma值指定列表中的列表项值之间使用逗号 ,隔开, space值指定列表中的列表项值之间使用 空 格分隔。
join((blue, red), (#abc, #def), space) => blue red #abc #def //spacejoin(10px, 20px, comma) => 10px, 20px //comma
Examples:
//SCSS:$list1: google, baidu, sogo;$list2: facebook, instagram, twitter;$list3: join($list1, $list2); //讲真啦,很少用到join(),反正我是很少用到;@for $i from 1 through length($list3){ .icon-#{nth($list3, $i)}{ content: '#{nth($list3, $i)}' }}//编译为:.icon-google { content: "google"; }.icon-baidu { content: "baidu"; }.icon-sogo { content: "sogo"; }.icon-facebook { content: "facebook"; }.icon-instagram { content: "instagram"; }.icon-twitter { content: "twitter"; }
3.3 index()
index($list, $value),返回 $list中的 $value所在的位置。
index(1px solid red, solid) => 2index(1px solid red, dashed) => nullindex((width: 10px, height: 20px), (height 20px)) => 2
3.4 list-separator()
list-separator($list),返回 $list中的分隔符。
list-separator(1px 2px 3px) => spacelist-separator(1px, 2px, 3px) => commalist-separator('foo') => space
4. Introspection 函数
4.1 type-of()
type_of($value)返回 $value的类型。
type-of(abc) => stringtype-of("abc") => stringtype-of(true) => booltype-of(#fff) => colortype-of(green) => color
4.2 unit()
unit($number)返回 $number所使用的单位。
unit(100) => ""unit(100px) => "px"unit(3em) => "em"unit(10px * 5em) => "em*px"unit(10px * 5em / 30cm / 1rem) => "em*px/cm*rem"
4.3 unitless()
unitless($number)返回 $number是否带有单位;如果不带单位返回值为 true,带单位返回值为 false。
unitless(100) => trueunitless(100px) => false
5. Miscellaneous 函数
Miscellaneous函数称为三元条件函数,主要因为他和 JavaScript中的三元判断非常的相似。他有两个值,当条件成立返回一种值,当条件不成立时返回另一种值
if($condition, $if-true, $if-false)
当 $condition条件为真,则返回 $if-true值,否则返回 $if-false值。
if(true, 1px, 2px) => 1pxif(false, 1px, 2px) => 2px
6. 颜色函数
暂时还没用到过。
6.1 RGB函数()
rgb($red, $green, $blue),根据 $red、 $green、 $blue三个值创建一个颜色;
rgba($red, $green, $blue, $alpha),将一个颜色根据透明度转换成 rgba 颜色。
rgba(#102030, 0.5) => rgba(16, 32, 48, 0.5)rgba(blue, 0.2) => rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.2)
7. Reference API
Sass::Script::Functions — Sass Documentation
结语:既然你都看到这里了,我就说说吧,这些个函数其实也就在自己写插件的时候有用,其他时候可能会有些大材小用。

The future trends of HTML are semantics and web components, the future trends of CSS are CSS-in-JS and CSSHoudini, and the future trends of JavaScript are WebAssembly and Serverless. 1. HTML semantics improve accessibility and SEO effects, and Web components improve development efficiency, but attention should be paid to browser compatibility. 2. CSS-in-JS enhances style management flexibility but may increase file size. CSSHoudini allows direct operation of CSS rendering. 3.WebAssembly optimizes browser application performance but has a steep learning curve, and Serverless simplifies development but requires optimization of cold start problems.

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: 1. HTML defines the web page structure, 2. CSS controls the web page style, and 3. JavaScript adds dynamic behavior. Together, they build the framework, aesthetics and interactivity of modern websites.

The future of HTML is full of infinite possibilities. 1) New features and standards will include more semantic tags and the popularity of WebComponents. 2) The web design trend will continue to develop towards responsive and accessible design. 3) Performance optimization will improve the user experience through responsive image loading and lazy loading technologies.

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: HTML is responsible for content structure, CSS is responsible for style, and JavaScript is responsible for dynamic behavior. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and content through tags to ensure semantics. 2. CSS controls the web page style through selectors and attributes to make it beautiful and easy to read. 3. JavaScript controls web page behavior through scripts to achieve dynamic and interactive functions.

HTMLisnotaprogramminglanguage;itisamarkuplanguage.1)HTMLstructuresandformatswebcontentusingtags.2)ItworkswithCSSforstylingandJavaScriptforinteractivity,enhancingwebdevelopment.

HTML is the cornerstone of building web page structure. 1. HTML defines the content structure and semantics, and uses, etc. tags. 2. Provide semantic markers, such as, etc., to improve SEO effect. 3. To realize user interaction through tags, pay attention to form verification. 4. Use advanced elements such as, combined with JavaScript to achieve dynamic effects. 5. Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values, and verification tools are required. 6. Optimization strategies include reducing HTTP requests, compressing HTML, using semantic tags, etc.

HTML is a language used to build web pages, defining web page structure and content through tags and attributes. 1) HTML organizes document structure through tags, such as,. 2) The browser parses HTML to build the DOM and renders the web page. 3) New features of HTML5, such as, enhance multimedia functions. 4) Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values. 5) Optimization suggestions include using semantic tags and reducing file size.

WebdevelopmentreliesonHTML,CSS,andJavaScript:1)HTMLstructurescontent,2)CSSstylesit,and3)JavaScriptaddsinteractivity,formingthebasisofmodernwebexperiences.


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