Elm是一个能够编译成Javascript的函数语言,它可以像React那样作为一个工具用来创建网站或网站应用,Elm 非常简单 易用和优质。
Elm作为函数语言有以下特点:
1.没有运行时的错误,没有null. 没有undefined is not a function.
2.错误信息友好,能够帮助你更快速加入功能。
3.良好架构的代码意味着你的应用代码以良好的构架增长。
4.对所有Elm包自动执行语义版本。.
下面以一个计数器为案例:
<b>import</b> Html exposing (Html, button, div, text)<b>import</b> Html.App as Html<b>import</b> Html.Events exposing (onClick)main = Html.beginnerProgram { model = 0, view = view, update = update }type Msg = Increment | Decrementupdate msg model = <b>case</b> msg of Increment -> model + 1 Decrement -> model - 1view model = div [] [ button [ onClick Decrement ] [ text "-" ] , div [] [ text (toString model) ] , button [ onClick Increment ] [ text "+" ] ]
注意update和 view是完全解耦的,你可以以声明方式描述你的HTML,而Elm会负责与DOM打交道。
Elm是一个针对无限嵌套组件的简单模式,它非常模块化,易于代码重用和测试,能够帮助你方便创建复杂的Web应用。
每个Elm程序逻辑被划分为三个清晰部分:
Model — 你的应用状态
Update — 更新状态的方式
View — 将状态作为HTML显示的方式
Elm架构是一种简单架构Web应用的模式,类似Redux一样声明,这也是它越来越流行的原因。
这个模式非常可靠,可以下面伪代码说明,每次使用只要填空细节就可以:
<b>import</b> Html exposing (..)-- MODELtype alias Model = { ... }-- UPDATEtype Msg = Reset | ...update : Msg -> Model -> Modelupdate msg model = <b>case</b> msg of Reset -> ... ...-- VIEWview : Model -> Html Msgview model = ...
更详细说明见: http://guide.elm-lang.org/architecture/index.html
Elm 0.17发布以后,引入了消息订阅通过Websocket获得后台状态,只需要两行代码就可以实现和后端服务器交互:
WebSocket.send "ws://echo.websocket.org" input
WebSocket.listen "ws://echo.websocket.org" NewMessage
第一句是向服务器发出数据,第二句是监听服务器的数据,数据内容在NewMessage,NewMessage内容会自动喂给update。
而如果使用Javascript实现这段通讯,将会是非常麻烦,你需要创建一个新的web socket!然后打开一个连接,但是还不能忘记加入对错误的监听,以便连接失败能够重新再连接,并且定义在没有连接时不要发消息(这属于运行错误),你还需要对消息队列化然后再发送,然后确定websocket能被使用并且关闭等等,这些都是涉及大量细节,而声明式编程就应该如上面两行代码直接声明使用,去除了大量技术细节。

The future trends of HTML are semantics and web components, the future trends of CSS are CSS-in-JS and CSSHoudini, and the future trends of JavaScript are WebAssembly and Serverless. 1. HTML semantics improve accessibility and SEO effects, and Web components improve development efficiency, but attention should be paid to browser compatibility. 2. CSS-in-JS enhances style management flexibility but may increase file size. CSSHoudini allows direct operation of CSS rendering. 3.WebAssembly optimizes browser application performance but has a steep learning curve, and Serverless simplifies development but requires optimization of cold start problems.

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: 1. HTML defines the web page structure, 2. CSS controls the web page style, and 3. JavaScript adds dynamic behavior. Together, they build the framework, aesthetics and interactivity of modern websites.

The future of HTML is full of infinite possibilities. 1) New features and standards will include more semantic tags and the popularity of WebComponents. 2) The web design trend will continue to develop towards responsive and accessible design. 3) Performance optimization will improve the user experience through responsive image loading and lazy loading technologies.

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: HTML is responsible for content structure, CSS is responsible for style, and JavaScript is responsible for dynamic behavior. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and content through tags to ensure semantics. 2. CSS controls the web page style through selectors and attributes to make it beautiful and easy to read. 3. JavaScript controls web page behavior through scripts to achieve dynamic and interactive functions.

HTMLisnotaprogramminglanguage;itisamarkuplanguage.1)HTMLstructuresandformatswebcontentusingtags.2)ItworkswithCSSforstylingandJavaScriptforinteractivity,enhancingwebdevelopment.

HTML is the cornerstone of building web page structure. 1. HTML defines the content structure and semantics, and uses, etc. tags. 2. Provide semantic markers, such as, etc., to improve SEO effect. 3. To realize user interaction through tags, pay attention to form verification. 4. Use advanced elements such as, combined with JavaScript to achieve dynamic effects. 5. Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values, and verification tools are required. 6. Optimization strategies include reducing HTTP requests, compressing HTML, using semantic tags, etc.

HTML is a language used to build web pages, defining web page structure and content through tags and attributes. 1) HTML organizes document structure through tags, such as,. 2) The browser parses HTML to build the DOM and renders the web page. 3) New features of HTML5, such as, enhance multimedia functions. 4) Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values. 5) Optimization suggestions include using semantic tags and reducing file size.

WebdevelopmentreliesonHTML,CSS,andJavaScript:1)HTMLstructurescontent,2)CSSstylesit,and3)JavaScriptaddsinteractivity,formingthebasisofmodernwebexperiences.


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