PHP程序员们在编写代码程序时,除了要保证代码的高性能之外,还有一点是非常重要的,那就是程序的安全性保障。PHP除了自带的几种加密函数外,还有功能更全面的PHP加密扩展库Mcrypt和Mhash。
其中,Mcrypt扩展库可以实现加密解密功能,就是既能将明文加密,也可以密文还原。PHP加密扩展库Mcrypt的算法和加密模式
Mcrypt库支持20多种加密算法和8种加密模式,具体可以通过函数mcrypt_list_algorithms()和mcrypt_list_modes()来显示,结果如下:
Mcrypt 支持的算法有:cast-128 gost rijndael-128 twofish arcfour cast-256 loki97 rijndael-192 saferplus wake blowfish-compat des rijndael-256 serpent xtea blowfish enigma rc2 tripledes
Mcrypt支持的加密模式有:cbc cfb ctr ecb ncfb nofb ofb stream
这些算法和模式在应用中要以常量来表示,写的时候加上前缀MCRYPT_和MCRYPT_来表示,如下面Mcrypt应用的例子:
DES算法表示为MCRYPT_DES;
ECB模式表示为MCRYPT_MODE_ECB;
PHP加密扩展库Mcrypt应用
先看一个例子,了解Mcrypt的工作流程,再来看看部分流程使用的函数:
<?php<br />$str = "我的名字是?一般人我不告诉他!";<br />//加密内容<br />$key = "key:111";<br />//密钥<br />$cipher = MCRYPT_DES;<br />//密码类型<br />$modes = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB;<br />//密码模式<br />$iv = mcrypt_create_iv(mcrypt_get_iv_size($cipher,$modes),MCRYPT_RAND);//初始化向量<br />echo "加密明文:".$str."<p>";<br />$str_encrypt = mcrypt_encrypt($cipher,$key,$str,$modes,$iv);<br />//加密函数<br />echo "加密密文:".$str_encrypt." <p>";<br />$str_decrypt = mcrypt_decrypt($cipher,$key,$str_encrypt,$modes,$iv);<br />//解密函数<br />echo "还原:".$str_decrypt;<br />?>
运行结果:
加密明文:我的名字是?一般人我不告诉他!
加密密文: 锍v?]??qe&幠L 笑 慂凞"|; 炠
还原:我的名字是?一般人我不告诉他!
由例子中可看到,使用PHP加密扩展库Mcrypt对数据加密和解密之前,首先创建了一个初始化向量,简称为iv。由 $iv = mcrypt_create_iv(mcrypt_get_iv_size($cipher,$modes),MCRYPT_RAND);可见创建初始化 向 量需要两个参数:size指定了iv的大小;source为iv的源,其中值MCRYPT_RAND为系统随机数。
函数mcrypt_get_iv_size($cipher,$modes)返回初始化向量大小,参数cipher和mode分别指算法和加 密模式。
加密函数$str_encrypt = mcrypt_encrypt($cipher,$key,$str,$modes,$iv); 该函数的5个参数分 别如下:cipher——加密算法、key——密钥、data(str)——需要加密的数据、mode——算法模式、 iv——初始化向量
解密函数 mcrypt_decrypt($cipher,$key,$str_encrypt,$modes,$iv); 该函数和加密函数的参数几乎 一样,唯一不同的是data,也就是说data为需要解密的数据$str_encrypt,而不是原始数据$str。
注:加密和解密函数中的参数cipher、key和mode必须一一对应,否则数据不能被还原。
安装
此安装主要针对Linux系统(windows下的安装,只要把php文件夹下的libmcrypt.dll文件拷贝到c:/windows/system32目录下,重启apache即可)
首先要下载三个软件,分别是
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=87941&package_id=91774&release_id=487459
mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=4286&package_id=4300&release_id=645636
mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=87941&package_id=91948&release_id=642101
【几篇文章和在一起的,下面特别重视libmcrypt,但是我发现安装mcrypt时候需要解决对libmcrypt还有mhash的依赖,这些好解决,不行yum一下就可以了】
# tar -xvf libmcrypt-X.X.X.tar
# cd libmcrypt-X.X.X
# ./configure
现在你应该已经把libmcrypt作为一个共享组件了(但不是一个PHP的共享组件)。运行命令:
# ldconfig
它将使得共享对象可以在C/C++开发中被使用。下面把mcrypt动态组件编译到PHP中。首先,你需要PHP-devel 包中包含的 'phpize‘ 命令。
当你当前运行的PHP中已经有了 PHP-devel 后,输入:
# cd ext/mcrypt
# phpize
# aclocal
# ./configure
# make clean
# make
# make install
现在php的安装目录下面应该有了mcrypt.so 的文件,在 /etc/php.ini 添加:
extension=mcrypt.so
然后重启一下apache,这样我们就已经将mcrypt功能安装成功了。
特别注意:
1、phpize需在解压后的源码包下执行,执行后生成configure脚本
2、运行./configure时,如果提示
configure: error: Cannot find php-config. Please use --with-php-config=PATH
请使用:
./configure --with-php-config=/php-install-path/bin/php-config #而不是使用php.ini

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