本篇文章分享一下PHP中的全局变量$GLOBALS和global的区别。
一、全局变量$GLOBALS
PHP全局变量有很多,如下的都属于超全局变量(Superglobal):$GLOBALS,$_SERVER,$_GET,$_POST,$_FILES,$_COOKIE,$_SESSION,$_REQUEST,$_ENV。
官方说明:$GLOBALS — 引用全局作用域中可用的全部变量。一个包含了全部变量的全局组合数组。变量的名字就是数组的键。即出现过的全局变量,就可以通过$GLOBALS这个数组取得。
PHP生命周期中,定义在函数体外部的所谓全局变量,函数内部是不能直接获得的。
上例子,要访问外部的$foo必须使用 $GLOBALS 数组。对于通过include文件进来的外部全局变量也适用。 php中global也有这样的功能,它和$GLOBALS的区别在于:global在函数产生一个指向函数外部变量的别名变量,而不是真正的函数外部变量。$GLOBALS[]确确实实调用是外部的变量,函数内外会始终保持一致。 对于类中的成员变量,类中函数必须使用$this->的方式访问,不能用$GLOBALS方式: global的作用是定义全局变量,但是这个全局变量不是应用于整个网站,而是应用于当前页面,包括include或require的所有文件。 执行结果为: 0 5 为什么不是2个5而是1个0和1个5呢? 再修改一下例子: 执行结果只输入一个2; 1、$GLOBALS是由所有已定义全局变量自动形成的数组。变量名就是该数组的索引。即$GLOBALS['var1']与函数外部的变量$var1是同一个变量,所以将$GLOBALS['var1'] 删除后,该变量已不存在,所有无法输出了。 注:$GLOBALS是自动全局变量。这意味着它在所有的脚本中都有效。在函数或方法中不需要使用 global $GLOBALS;来访问它。 2、"global $var1;"是产生了函数外部$var1的别名变量"$var1",它不是真正的函数外部变量,他只存在于函数的内部,所以即使在函数内将别名变量删除也不会影响外面的变量,但是可以修改函数外部变量的值。 或许有的人总想知道这个或那个的区别:在php程序,包括其他程序的学习中,自己动手实验,根据结果加上的思考,有的时候比上网查找可能会来得更快一些,更准确一些。 下面我们来讲一下,php在全局范围内访问变量要怎么办? 例一: global定义全局变量。 先不给出结果,自己运行一下程序。函数内部的变量可以访问到了。 从结果可以看出,unset只是断开变量名与变量值连接,并没有马上销毁变量的值,而且在函数内部定义的全局变量,实际在外部只是使用了函数内部的别名而已,所以我们在外面依然可以访问$var1。 例二:$GLOBALS在函数内部访问函数外面定义的变量。 直接在函数内部使用$waibu是会出错的。</span>$foo="Example content";</p>test();<br />function test(){<br /> $foo="local variable";<br /> echo '$foo in current scope: '.$foo."<br>";<br /> echo '$foo in global scope: '.$GLOBALS["foo"]."<br>";<br /><p>}</p>
二、实例讲解
<p>function t1(){</p> global $var1,$var2;<br /> $var2=&$var1;<br />}<br />function t2(){<br /> $GLOBALS['var3']=&$GLOBALS['var1'];<br />}<br />$var1=5;<br />$var2=$var3=0;<br />t1();<br />print $var2."\n";<br />t2();<br /><p>print $var3."\n";</p>
<p>function t1(){</p> global $var1;<br /> $var1=2;<br /> unset($var1);<br />}<br />function t2(){<br /> $GLOBALS['var1']=3;<br /> unset($GLOBALS['var1']);<br />}<br />$var1=1;<br />t1();<br />print $var1."\n";<br />t2();<br /><p>print $var1."\n";</p>
<p>function test_global(){</p> global $var1;<br /> $var1='ok';<br /> unset($var1);<br />}<br />test_global();<br />$var2=&$var1;<br />unset($var1);<br /><p>echo $var2;</p>
<p>$waibu='out';</p>function ff(){<br /> echo $GLOBALS['waibu'];<br />}<br /><p>ff();</p>

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