PHP安全性漫谈之apache server安全性设置
1、以Nobody用户运行
一般情况下,Apache是由Root 来安装和运行的。如果Apache Server进程具有Root用户特权,那么它将给系统的安全构成很大的威胁,应确保Apache Server进程以最可能低的权限用户来运行。通过修改httpd.conf文件中的下列选项,以Nobody用户运行Apache 达到相对安全的目的。
User nobody Group# -1
2、ServerRoot目录的权限
为了确保所有的配置是适当的和安全的,需要严格控制Apache 主目录的访问权限,使非超级用户不能修改该目录中的内容。Apache 的主目录对应于Apache Server配置文件httpd.conf的Server Root控制项中,应为:
Server Root /usr/local/apache
3、SSI的配置
在配置文件access.conf 或httpd.conf中的确Options指令处加入Includes NO EXEC选项,用以禁用Apache Server 中的执行功能。避免用户直接执行Apache 服务器中的执行程序,而造成服务器系统的公开化。
Options Includes Noexec
4、阻止用户修改系统设置
在Apache 服务器的配置文件中进行以下的设置,阻止用户建立、修改 .htaccess文件,防止用户超越能定义的系统安全特性。
AllowOveride None Options None Allow from all
然后再分别对特定的目录进行适当的配置。
5、改变Apache 服务器的缺省访问特性
Apache 的默认设置只能保障一定程度的安全,如果服务器能够通过正常的映射规则找到文件,那么客户端便会获取该文件,如http://local host/~ root/ 将允许用户访问整个文件系统。在服务器文件中加入如下内容:
order deny,ellow Deny from all
将禁止对文件系统的缺省访问。
6、CGI脚本的安全考虑
CGI脚本是一系列可以通过Web服务器来运行的程序。为了保证系统的安全性,应确保CGI的作者是可信的。对CGI而言,最好将其限制在一个特定的目 录下,如cgi-bin之下,便于管理;另外应该保证CGI目录下的文件是不可写的,避免一些欺骗性的程序驻留或混迹其中;如果能够给用户提供一个安全性 良好的CGI程序的模块作为参考,也许会减少许多不必要的麻烦和安全隐患;除去CGI目录下的所有非业务应用的脚本,以防异常的信息泄漏。
7、SSL链接加密
以上这些常用的举措可以给Apache Server 一个基本的安全运行环境,显然在具体实施上还要做进一步的细化分解,制定出符合实际应用的安全配置方案。

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