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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP中array_walk 和 foreach, for 的效率比较及性能优化

实践是我学习计算机科学的一个重要方法,计算机科学不是简单的智力游戏,它本质上来说不是一门科学,而是一个改造世界的工具。

数学方法和实验方法是计算机研究的基本方法,也是我们学习的基本方法,数学锻炼我们的思维能力,实验锻炼我们的操作能力,解决实际问题的能力。

我们每天的工作都应该看做是一次实验,要从每天的工作中,总结出对我们来说有用的东西。

比如要写好php代码,一个很重要的东西就是效率,效率高不高,我们就要做实验。下面是我对php中的几个数组循环处理方法的评测,测试的代码很简单:

<p><?php</p>/**<br />* array_walk 和 foreach, for 的效率的比较。<br />* 我们要测试的是foreach, for, 和 array_walk的效率的问题。 <br />*/<br /><br />//产生一个10000的一个数组。<br />$max = 10000;<br />$test_arr = range(0, $max);<br />$temp;<br />//我们分别用三种方法测试求这些数加上1的值的时间。<br /><br />// for 的方法<br />$t1 = microtime(true);<br />for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {<br />$temp = $temp + 1;<br />}<br />$t2 = microtime(true);<br />$t = $t2 - $t1;<br />echo "就使用for, 没有对数组操作 花费: {$t}\n";<br /><br />$t1 = microtime(true);<br />for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {<br />$test_arr[$i] = $test_arr[$i] + 1;<br />}<br />$t2 = microtime(true);<br />$t = $t2 - $t1;<br />echo "使用for 并且直接对数组进行了操作 花费: {$t}\n";<br /><br />$t1 = microtime(true);<br />for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {<br />addOne($test_arr[$i]);<br />}<br />$t2 = microtime(true);<br />$t = $t2 - $t1;<br />echo "使用for 调用函数对数组操作 花费 : {$t}\n";<br /><br />$t1 = microtime(true);<br />foreach ($test_arr as $k => &$v) {<br />$temp = $temp + 1;<br />}<br />$t2 = microtime(true);<br />$t = $t2 - $t1;<br />echo "使用 foreach 没有对数组操作 花费 : {$t}\n";<br /><br />$t1 = microtime(true);<br />foreach ($test_arr as $k => &$v) {<br />$v = $v + 1;<br />}<br />$t2 = microtime(true);<br />$t = $t2 - $t1;<br />echo "使用 foreach 直接对数组操作 : {$t}\n";<br /><br />$t1 = microtime(true);<br />foreach ($test_arr as $k => &$v) {<br />addOne($v);<br />}<br />$t2 = microtime(true);<br />$t = $t2 - $t1;<br />echo "使用 foreach 调用函数对数组操作 : {$t}\n";<br /><br />$t1 = microtime(true);<br />array_walk($test_arr, 'addOne');<br />$t2 = microtime(true);<br />$t = $t2 - $t1;<br />echo "使用 array_walk 花费 : {$t}\n";<br /><br />function addOne(&$item) {<br />$item = $item + 1;<br />}<br /><p>?></p>

执行的结果:

 
就使用for, 没有对数组操作 花费: 0.15388584136963
使用 foreach 没有对数组操作 花费 : 0.076934814453125
 
使用for 并且直接对数组进行了操作 花费: 0.14769005775452
使用 foreach 直接对数组操作 : 0.076115131378174
 
使用for 调用函数对数组操作 花费 : 0.32393312454224
使用 foreach 调用函数对数组操作 : 0.25716996192932
使用 array_walk 花费 : 0.17966890335083
 

在对10000个数的操作过程中,这个实验我们可以得出这样的结论:

 
foreach 的效率要比for 高很多,也许有很大的一个原因是for 要进行很多次条件判断。所以以后能用foreach的地方就用foreach,可以提高1倍的效率。
 
如果循环内要调用函数,用array_walk  最好,它的效率要比for 高出1倍,要比foreach高出43%的效率。还有一个提示就是如果你这个程序对效率的要求是很高的,那不要在很深的循环中调用函数,要调用函数也要用array_walk,最好的直接把代码写在循环里面。


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