FPM是FastCGI Process Manager的缩写,由全称我们可以知道其和FastCGI有关,就是一个FastCGI的进程管理器。对于FastCGI我们可以理解成一个协议,儿FPM是其在PHP中的一个实现。
FPM的出现实现了PHP应用的分布式部署,这样使得PHP和web服务器可以在不同的机器上。当然与其说是FPM不如说是FastCGI的出现。最初FPM并没有被PHP的官方正式应用于PHP中,只是作为PHP的一个补丁应用。但是自从PHP5.3.3版本以后FPM被正式捆绑进PHP中,作为了PHP的一部分。这样我们配置起来比较方便,只需在PHP编译的时候添加—enable-fpm选项即可
php-5.6.9]# ./configure –enable-fpm
Fpm 的简单配置
Fpm在php编译的时候添加—enable-fpm选项即可启动fpm,此外在编译的时候还有两个选项分别是 –with-fpm-user=USER 和—with-fpm-group=GROUP,用来设定fpm所属的用户和用户组。如果不指定这两项,那默认的用户和用户组都是nobody。当然这两项也可以在fpm的配置文件php-fpm.conf(其所在目录为PHP安装目录/etc/php-fpm.conf)中修改。
user = nobody
//所属用户
group = nobody
//所属组
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
//fpm所在服务器的ip地址和监听的端口号,默认为9000
pm = dynamic
//设置进程管理器是如何管理子进程的,dynamic动态管理至少会有一个子进程被创建,其数量有个最大值由pm.max_children来设定,而创建的数量由pm.start_servers来设定;static 静态管理设置固定数量的子进程随着服务启动而被创建;ondemand 在服务启动的时候并不创建子进程只是当有请求的时候才根据情况创建。
pm.max_children = 10
//当pm设置为static的时候,此值表示随着服务的启动创建的子进程的数量;当pm设置为dynamic或者ondemand的时候,此值表示创建的子进程最多不能超过此数量
pm.start_servers = 2
//表示随着服务启动创建的子进程(注意这里是子进程而不是线程)的数量,此选项只有在pm 设置为dynamic的时候才有效。并且这个值默认设置为 min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers – min_spare_servers)/2,并且如果此值设为0,那么创建的子进程的数量也是由上述公式决定。
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
//要求闲置的服务进程的数量的最小值
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
//闲置的服务进程的数量的最大值
pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s
//进程的闲置时间,以秒为单位,超过这个时间该进程将会被杀死
Fpm 的应用
下面我们来看一下如何管理fastcgi服务,首先我们可以进入php安装目录
~]# cd /usr/local/php5
php5]# ./sbin/php-fpm
//开启fastcgi服务,开启服务以后会在/usr/local/php5/var/run/php-fpm.pid中有fastcgi主进程id
php5]# kill –INT `cat /usr/local/php5/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
//关闭fastcgi服务
php5]# kill –USR2 ` cat /usr/local/php5/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
//重启fastcgi服务
Fpm 使用说明
在fpm简单配置中我们提到pm=dynamic和pm.start_servers =2。当开启fastcgi服务以后首先我们查看 php-fpm.pid
php5]# cat /usr/local/php5/var/run/php-fpm.pid //其结果为
32407
php5]# ps x | grep php-fpm //接着我们使用此命令查看其主进程情况
32407 ? Ss 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf)
php5]# ps –ef | grep php-fpm //然后再使用该命令查看其所有进程情况
root 32407 1 0 13:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 32408 32407 0 13:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 32409 32407 0 13:46 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
在这里我们看到了三条信息,第一条是主进程,由系统创建,其id为32407,父进程id为1。剩余两条是其子进程,因为在pm.start_servers = 2 我们设置的为2,所以随着服务的启动会创建两个子进程。这两个子进程的用户都是nobody(user=nobody),其进程id分别是 32408、32409,第三项是这两个子进程的父进程的id 32407。
当然fpm至少会创建一个子进程,因为如果start_servers 设置为0 那么其会根据上面我们说的那个公式计算出子进程的数量。当然如果我们设置min_spare_servers 和max_spare_servers都为0,那子进程的数量为0,这样的话是不能启动服务的(这些设置有效的前提是pm设为dynamic)。因为fpm使用用户为nobody的子进程来处理请求的,那个由系统创建的主进程——id为32407,所属用户为root——是不能处理请求的。当然我们可以根据我们服务器的实际情况(例如:内存大小)来优化我们这里的进程数量。
以上只是简单的介绍了fpm的配置与使用,目的就是为了说明fpm的作用。

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