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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial初步尝试Express&jade快速建站

最近一直在看Web开发相关的书籍,一周时间读完了《Node开发指南》一书,由于之前了解过一些Node的相关知识,于是前面基础知识学得比较快,到开发实践这一章的时候,却发现好多内容不能跟着练习了。因为近几年Node的发展过于快速,其Web开发框架 Express 必然也更新得比较频繁,并且版本与版本之间差异较大。所以,书中必然有好多代码在现在来看肯定运行不了,但是大体的框架还是在那里,想动手实践还是得对照着官方文档进行。

1. 生成Express项目

根据 官方文档入门 的介绍,根据Express建站的步骤大致写一下:

  1. npm install express 安装express
  2. npm install express-generator -g 安装express应用生成器
  3. express myapp 生成express项目目录以及基本启动代码
  4. DEBUG=myapp npm start 启动应用(Mac or Linux); set DEBUG=myapp & npm start 启动应用(Windows)
  5. 浏览器访问 http://localhost:3000

通过上面几步很快就完成了一个项目的部署,那么接下来就是要往里填写内容了,用框架开发就是这么快,但是会忽略掉很多重要的细节。

打开 myapp 文件夹,会看到该项目的目录结构如下:

.├── app.js├── bin│   └── www├── package.json├── public│   ├── images│   ├── javascripts│   └── stylesheets│       └── style.css├── routes│   ├── index.js│   └── users.js└── views    ├── error.jade    ├── index.jade    └── layout.jade

了解过一些Node的相关知识就知道,Node是通过动态网页的方式来实现网站的,就如同其他语言Java、PHP一样,要实现动态页面就要在HTML模板中插入程序代码,于是就有了JSP、PHP以及ASP等技术。通过JavaScript实现的模板引擎有很多, Jade 就是其中之一,为什么选择它,因为Express默认就是它,反正也是新接触,那就它咯。

2. Jade 模板引擎

由于新学,也没有什么经验可谈,基本用法参考官网就可以了。这类语言基本上看一遍就百分之八九十了,接下来就是熟练使用它。

  • Jade Template Syntax Documentation by Example
  • Jade —— 源于 Node.js 的 HTML 模板引擎 - 新闻 - SegmentFault

3. 回头看看 app.js

// view engine setupapp.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));app.set('view engine', 'jade');

这里就是设置 Jade 模板引擎以及视图目录的地方。

4. 编写路由规则

编写路由规则,打开 routes/index.js 文件,添加4条路由规则,代表4个不同的页面。

/* GET home page. */router.get('/', function(req, res, next) {  res.render('index', { title: 'Home Page'});});/* GET detail page. */router.get('/detail/:id', function(req, res, next) {  res.render('detail', { title: 'Detail Page'});});/* GET admin page. */router.get('/admin', function(req, res, next) {  res.render('admin', { title: 'Admin Page'});});/* GET list page. */router.get('/list', function(req, res, next) {  res.render('list', { title: 'List Page'});});

5. 瞧瞧 jade 模板视图文件

打开 views/layout.jade

doctype htmlhtml  head    title= title    link(rel='stylesheet', href='/stylesheets/style.css')  body    block content

看了一遍 jade 语法的基本就能看出这是一个基本页面,然后再打开 views/index.jade 。

extends layoutblock content  h1= title  p Welcome to #{title}

路由规则中, title 变量就用与此处,如此即为动态页面。 npm start 启动应用,访问 http://localhost:3000 得到页面如下图。

6. 依次创建 detail 、 list 、 admin 页面

根据路由规则所规定的访问路径,依次访问,会得到不同的动态页面。

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