Laravel 提供了 Eager Loading使用 with()方法来缓解 N+1 的问题,但是在实际使用中还是存在一些问题的, with()会直接查询出表中所有的字段,而我们可能仅仅需要其中指定的某几个字段。
假如我们现在有两张表: user和 posts,每个 User 可以拥有多个 Posts,而每一篇 Post 只能属于一个 User。下面分别是 User Model 和 Post Model 中定义的关系:
// User.php public function post(){ return $this->hasMany('post');}// Post.phppublic function user(){ return $this->belongsTo('user');}
通过 with()方法,我们可以这样获取所有的 Posts 并同时查出对应的 User 信息,可以使用这样的方法:
public function getAllPosts() { return Post::with('user')->get();}
这实际上会执行下面两句 SQL 语句:
select * from `posts`select * from `users` where `users`.`id` in (<1>, <2>)
但是我们可能并不需要 User 表中所有的字段,例如我们只需要 id和 username两个字段:
select * from `posts`select id,username from `users` where `users`.`id` in (<1>, <2>)
我们可以通过下面两种方法来实现。
方法一:在 with() 中指定
Post::with(array('user'=>function($query){ $query->select('id','username');}))->get();
方法二:修改 Model 文件
修改 Post.php 文件中 user() 方法:
public function user(){ return $this->belongsTo('User')->select(array('id', 'username'));}

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