前 些日子开始着真正的去了解下设计模式,开始么,简单地从单例模式开始,当然网上看了一些资料,单例模式比较好理解,看看介绍,然后看看代码基本也就能够理 解了,设计模式这些的花点心思基本的是能够理解的,当然要想很好的运用到项目上也是需要一定的实践,不能只是知道了解,或者说的是很厉害很懂的,一到要实 际操作就不行了,废话就不多说了,PHP战线上的同志们都加油吧;
单例模式(职责模式):
简单的说,一个对象(在学习设计模式之前,需要比较了解面向对象思想)只负责一个特定的任务;
单例类:
1、构造函数需要标记为private(访问控制:防止外部代码使用new操作符创建对象),单例类不能在其他类中实例化,只能被其自身实例化;
2、拥有一个保存类的实例的静态成员变量
3、拥有一个访问这个实例的公共的静态方法(常用getInstance()方法进行实例化单例类,通过instanceof操作符可以检测到类是否已经被实例化)
另外,需要创建__clone()方法防止对象被复制(克隆)
为什么要使用PHP单例模式?
1、php的应用主要在于数据库应用, 所以一个应用中会存在大量的数据库操作, 使用单例模式, 则可以避免大量的new 操作消耗的资源。
2、如果系统中需要有一个类来全局控制某些配置信息, 那么使用单例模式可以很方便的实现. 这个可以参看ZF的FrontController部分。
3、在一次页面请求中, 便于进行调试, 因为所有的代码(例如数据库操作类db)都集中在一个类中, 我们可以在类中设置钩子, 输出日志,从而避免到处var_dump, echo。
代码实现:
/1**
* 设计模式之单例模式
* $_instance必须声明为静态的私有变量
* 构造函数和析构函数必须声明为私有,防止外部程序new
* 类从而失去单例模式的意义
* getInstance()方法必须设置为公有的,必须调用此方法
* 以返回实例的一个引用
* ::操作符只能访问静态变量和静态函数
* new对象都会消耗内存
* 使用场景:最常用的地方是数据库连接。
* 使用单例模式生成一个对象后,
* 该对象可以被其它众多对象所使用。
*/
class Danli {
//保存类实例的静态成员变量
private static $_instance;
//private标记的构造方法
private function __construct(){
echo 'This is a Constructed method;';
}
//创建__clone方法防止对象被复制克隆
public function __clone(){
trigger_error('Clone is not allow!',E_USER_ERROR);
}
//单例方法,用于访问实例的公共的静态方法
public static function getInstance(){
if(!(self::$_instance instanceof self)){
self::$_instance = new self;
}
return self::$_instance;
}
public function test(){
echo '调用方法成功';
}
}
//用new实例化private标记构造函数的类会报错
//$danli = new Danli();
//正确方法,用双冒号::操作符访问静态方法获取实例
$danli = Danli::getInstance();
$danli->test();
//复制(克隆)对象将导致一个E_USER_ERROR
$danli_clone = clone $danli;

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