search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorialpython 装饰器功能以及函数参数使用介绍

简单的说:装饰器主要作用就是对函数进行一些修饰,它的出现是在引入类方法和静态方法的时候为了定义静态方法出现的。例如为了把foo()函数声明成一个静态函数

复制代码 代码如下:

class Myclass(object):
def staticfoo():
............
............
staticfoo = staticmethod(staticfoo)

可以用装饰器的方法实现:
复制代码 代码如下:

class Myclass(object):
  @staticmethod  
  def staticfoo():
    .........
    .........

这个例子很明显很容易就可以看懂。

说到这里我们举一个下面的例子,这个例子里面同时涉及到一个重要内容,就是对于python中的函数的本质理解。

代码:
复制代码 代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from time import ctime
from time import sleep
def ftfunc(func):
def timef():
print "[%s] %s() called" % (ctime(),func.__name__)
return func()
return timef

@ftfunc
def foo():
print 'hello'

if __name__ == '__main__':

foo()
sleep(2)

for i in range(2):
sleep(1)
foo()

运行这段代码;我们可以看到终端依次会输出以下内容:


其中ftfunc函数是我们自己自定义的一个函数,这个函数是以一个函数作为参数的函数,这也就满足了作为一个装饰器的要求,根据上面我们对于装饰器的等价变换规则,这段代码

复制代码 代码如下:

@ftfunc
def foo():
print 'hello'

可以转换成以下的代码:
复制代码 代码如下:

def foo():
print 'hello'

foo = ftfunc(foo)

再结合上面原来的代码我们很快就可以体会到了装饰器的作用。

但是我在编写这段代码的时候,有一个地方打错了:

这段代码:
复制代码 代码如下:

return func()
return timef

被我写成了:
复制代码 代码如下:

return func
return timef

于是输出结果就是不一样,后来终于发现了一个重要的概念:"foo"是函数对象的引用,而"foo()"是函数对象的调用。关于对象引用是python的重要的基础概念,在python中一切都是对象,同时类型是属于对象,而不是变量。一切的变量只是对象的引用,相当于让这个变量指向这个对象。“foo”正好可以理解成一个变量,只不过是它指向一个函数的对象。而“foo()”是函数对象的调用,即调用这个对象,是要执行这个函数的功能的。这里需要慢慢理解品味。基于此:

这样的一段代码运行结果和刚才是一模一样的。注意比较与刚才那段代码的不同之处,更加有利于理解。
复制代码 代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from time import ctime
from time import sleep
def ftfunc(func):
def timef():
print "[%s] %s() called" % (ctime(),func.__name__)
return func
return timef

@ftfunc
def foo():
print 'hello'

if __name__ == '__main__':

foo()()
sleep(2)

for i in range(2):
sleep(1)
foo()()

此代码运行结果:

其实还可以分别对返回的timef函数加上括号,看看结果会是怎么样的。可以更好理解python中函数的概念。

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Merging Lists in Python: Choosing the Right MethodMerging Lists in Python: Choosing the Right MethodMay 14, 2025 am 12:11 AM

TomergelistsinPython,youcanusethe operator,extendmethod,listcomprehension,oritertools.chain,eachwithspecificadvantages:1)The operatorissimplebutlessefficientforlargelists;2)extendismemory-efficientbutmodifiestheoriginallist;3)listcomprehensionoffersf

How to concatenate two lists in python 3?How to concatenate two lists in python 3?May 14, 2025 am 12:09 AM

In Python 3, two lists can be connected through a variety of methods: 1) Use operator, which is suitable for small lists, but is inefficient for large lists; 2) Use extend method, which is suitable for large lists, with high memory efficiency, but will modify the original list; 3) Use * operator, which is suitable for merging multiple lists, without modifying the original list; 4) Use itertools.chain, which is suitable for large data sets, with high memory efficiency.

Python concatenate list stringsPython concatenate list stringsMay 14, 2025 am 12:08 AM

Using the join() method is the most efficient way to connect strings from lists in Python. 1) Use the join() method to be efficient and easy to read. 2) The cycle uses operators inefficiently for large lists. 3) The combination of list comprehension and join() is suitable for scenarios that require conversion. 4) The reduce() method is suitable for other types of reductions, but is inefficient for string concatenation. The complete sentence ends.

Python execution, what is that?Python execution, what is that?May 14, 2025 am 12:06 AM

PythonexecutionistheprocessoftransformingPythoncodeintoexecutableinstructions.1)Theinterpreterreadsthecode,convertingitintobytecode,whichthePythonVirtualMachine(PVM)executes.2)TheGlobalInterpreterLock(GIL)managesthreadexecution,potentiallylimitingmul

Python: what are the key featuresPython: what are the key featuresMay 14, 2025 am 12:02 AM

Key features of Python include: 1. The syntax is concise and easy to understand, suitable for beginners; 2. Dynamic type system, improving development speed; 3. Rich standard library, supporting multiple tasks; 4. Strong community and ecosystem, providing extensive support; 5. Interpretation, suitable for scripting and rapid prototyping; 6. Multi-paradigm support, suitable for various programming styles.

Python: compiler or Interpreter?Python: compiler or Interpreter?May 13, 2025 am 12:10 AM

Python is an interpreted language, but it also includes the compilation process. 1) Python code is first compiled into bytecode. 2) Bytecode is interpreted and executed by Python virtual machine. 3) This hybrid mechanism makes Python both flexible and efficient, but not as fast as a fully compiled language.

Python For Loop vs While Loop: When to Use Which?Python For Loop vs While Loop: When to Use Which?May 13, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Useaforloopwheniteratingoverasequenceorforaspecificnumberoftimes;useawhileloopwhencontinuinguntilaconditionismet.Forloopsareidealforknownsequences,whilewhileloopssuitsituationswithundeterminediterations.

Python loops: The most common errorsPython loops: The most common errorsMay 13, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Pythonloopscanleadtoerrorslikeinfiniteloops,modifyinglistsduringiteration,off-by-oneerrors,zero-indexingissues,andnestedloopinefficiencies.Toavoidthese:1)Use'i

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download

A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.