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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython Tutorial实例讲解Python中的私有属性

在Python中可以通过在属性变量名前加上双下划线定义属性为私有属性,如例子:

复制代码 代码如下:

#! encoding=UTF-8
 
class A:
    def __init__(self):
        
        # 定义私有属性
        self.__name = "wangwu"
        
        # 普通属性定义
        self.age = 19
        
a = A()
 
# 正常输出
print a.age
 
# 提示找不到属性
print a.__name

执行输出:
复制代码 代码如下:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 19, in
    print a.__name
AttributeError: A instance has no attribute '__name'

访问私有属性__name时居然提示找不到属性成员而不是提示权限之类的,于是当你这么写却不报错:
复制代码 代码如下:

#! encoding=UTF-8
 
class A:
    def __init__(self):
        
        # 定义私有属性
        self.__name = "wangwu"
        
        # 普通属性定义
        self.age = 19
        
 
a = A()
 
a.__name = "lisi"
print a.__name

执行结果:
1
lisi
在Python中就算继承也不能相互访问私有变量,如:
复制代码 代码如下:

#! encoding=UTF-8
 
class A:
    def __init__(self):
        
        # 定义私有属性
        self.__name = "wangwu"
        
        # 普通属性定义
        self.age = 19
        
 
class B(A):
    def sayName(self):
        print self.__name
        
 
b = B()
b.sayName()

执行结果:
复制代码 代码如下:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 19, in
    b.sayName()
  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 15, in sayName
    print self.__name
AttributeError: B instance has no attribute '_B__name'

或者父类访问子类的私有属性也不可以,如:
复制代码 代码如下:

#! encoding=UTF-8
 
class A:
    def say(self):
        print self.name
        print self.__age
        
 
class B(A):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "wangwu"
        self.__age = 20
 
b = B()
b.say()

执行结果:
复制代码 代码如下:

wangwu
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 15, in
    b.say()
  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 6, in say
    print self.__age
AttributeError: B instance has no attribute '_A__age'
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