本文实例形式讲解了python的类变量和成员变量用法,对于Python程序设计有一定的参考价值。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:
先看看下面这段代码:
class TestClass(object): val1 = 100 def __init__(self): self.val2 = 200 def fcn(self,val = 400): val3 = 300 self.val4 = val self.val5 = 500 if __name__ == '__main__': inst = TestClass() print TestClass.val1 print inst.val1 print inst.val2 print inst.val3 print inst.val4 print inst.val5
这里,val1是类变量,可以由类名直接调用,也可以有对象来调用;
val2是成员变量,可以由类的对象来调用,这里可以看出成员变量一定是以self.的形式给出的,因为self的含义就是代表实例对象;
val3不是成员变量,它只是函数fcn内部的局部变量;
val4和val5也都不是成员变量,虽是以self.给出,但并没有在构造函数中初始化。
再看看下面的代码(#号后面的是运行结果):
inst1 = TestClass() inst2 = TestClass() print TestClass.val1 # 100 print inst1.val1 # 100 inst1.val1 = 1000 print inst1.val1 # 1000 print TestClass.val1 # 100 TestClass.val1 =2000 print inst1.val1 # 1000 print TestClass.val1 # 2000 print inst2.val1 # 2000 inst3 = TestClass() print inst3.val1 # 2000
可以发现:python的类变量和C++的静态变量不同,并不是由类的所有对象共享。类本身拥有自己的类变量(保存在内存),当一个TestClass类的对象被构造时,会将当前类变量拷贝一份给这个对象,当前类变量的值是多少,这个对象拷贝得到的类变量的值就是多少;而且,通过对象来修改类变量,并不会影响其他对象的类变量的值,因为大家都有各自的副本,更不会影响类本身所拥有的那个类变量的值;只有类自己才能改变类本身拥有的类变量的值。
希望本文所述实例对于大家理解和掌握Python的类变量和成员变量用法有所帮助。

TomergelistsinPython,youcanusethe operator,extendmethod,listcomprehension,oritertools.chain,eachwithspecificadvantages:1)The operatorissimplebutlessefficientforlargelists;2)extendismemory-efficientbutmodifiestheoriginallist;3)listcomprehensionoffersf

In Python 3, two lists can be connected through a variety of methods: 1) Use operator, which is suitable for small lists, but is inefficient for large lists; 2) Use extend method, which is suitable for large lists, with high memory efficiency, but will modify the original list; 3) Use * operator, which is suitable for merging multiple lists, without modifying the original list; 4) Use itertools.chain, which is suitable for large data sets, with high memory efficiency.

Using the join() method is the most efficient way to connect strings from lists in Python. 1) Use the join() method to be efficient and easy to read. 2) The cycle uses operators inefficiently for large lists. 3) The combination of list comprehension and join() is suitable for scenarios that require conversion. 4) The reduce() method is suitable for other types of reductions, but is inefficient for string concatenation. The complete sentence ends.

PythonexecutionistheprocessoftransformingPythoncodeintoexecutableinstructions.1)Theinterpreterreadsthecode,convertingitintobytecode,whichthePythonVirtualMachine(PVM)executes.2)TheGlobalInterpreterLock(GIL)managesthreadexecution,potentiallylimitingmul

Key features of Python include: 1. The syntax is concise and easy to understand, suitable for beginners; 2. Dynamic type system, improving development speed; 3. Rich standard library, supporting multiple tasks; 4. Strong community and ecosystem, providing extensive support; 5. Interpretation, suitable for scripting and rapid prototyping; 6. Multi-paradigm support, suitable for various programming styles.

Python is an interpreted language, but it also includes the compilation process. 1) Python code is first compiled into bytecode. 2) Bytecode is interpreted and executed by Python virtual machine. 3) This hybrid mechanism makes Python both flexible and efficient, but not as fast as a fully compiled language.

Useaforloopwheniteratingoverasequenceorforaspecificnumberoftimes;useawhileloopwhencontinuinguntilaconditionismet.Forloopsareidealforknownsequences,whilewhileloopssuitsituationswithundeterminediterations.

Pythonloopscanleadtoerrorslikeinfiniteloops,modifyinglistsduringiteration,off-by-oneerrors,zero-indexingissues,andnestedloopinefficiencies.Toavoidthese:1)Use'i


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download
A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft
