ini文件是windows中经常使用的配置文件,主要的格式为:
[Section1]
option1 : value1
option2 : value2
python提供了一个简单的模块ConfigParser可以用来解析类似这种形式的文件。对于ConfigParser模块可以解析key:value和key=value这样的类型,对于#和;开头的行将会自动忽视掉。相当于注释行。常用的函数:
ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
RawConfigParser Object的操作有:
.sections() : 返回所有可用的section
.addsection(sectionname) :添加section
.set(sectionname, optionname, optionvalue): 添加option
.hassection(sectionname) :判断
.options(sectionname) : 返回section下可用的option
.hasoption(sectionname, optionname) : 判断
.read(filename) : 读取文件
.wrie(filename) : 将RawConfigParser对象写到文件中
.get(sectionname, optionname) : 获取值, 默认的是返回string类型
.getfloat, .getint, .getboolean : 获取不同类型的返回值,参数和get的参数一样
.items(sectionname) :列出section下的所有key:value
.remove(sectionname) :删除section
.remove(sectionname, option_name) : 删除section下的某个option
Demo -- 生成文件
$ cat ini_demo.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import ConfigParser
def gen_ini():
ftest = open('test','w')
config_write = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
config_write.add_section('Section_a')
config_write.add_section('Section_b')
config_write.add_section('Section_c')
config_write.set('Section_a','option_a1','apple_a1')
config_write.set('Section_a','option_a2','banana_a2')
config_write.set('Section_b','option_b1','apple_b1')
config_write.set('Section_b','option_b2','banana_b2')
config_write.set('Section_c','option_c1','apple_c1')
config_write.set('Section_c','option_c2','banana_c2')
config_write.write(ftest)
ftest.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
gen_ini()
最后生成的文件为:
$ cat test
[Section_a]
option_a1 = apple_a1
option_a2 = banana_a2
[Section_c]
option_c2 = banana_c2
option_c1 = apple_c1
[Section_b]
option_b1 = apple_b1
option_b2 = banana_b2
Demo -- 读取文件
def read_ini():
config_read = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
config_read.read('test')
print config_read.sections()
print config_read.items('Section_a')
print config_read.get('Section_a','option_a1')
最后的结果为:
['Section_a', 'Section_c', 'Section_b']
[('option_a2', 'banana_a2'), ('option_a1', 'apple_a1')]
apple_a1

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