PHP 防止远程表单提交
Web 的好处是可以分享信息和服务。坏处也是可以分享信息和服务,因为有些人做事毫无顾忌。
以表单为例。任何人都能够访问一个 Web 站点,并使用浏览器上的 File > Save As 建立表单的本地副本。然后,他可以修改 action 参数来指向一个完全限定的 URL(不指向 formHandler.php,而是指向 http://www.yoursite.com/formHandler.php,因为表单在这个站点上),做他希望的任何修改,点击 Submit,服务器会把这个表单数据作为合法通信流接收。
首先可能考虑检查 $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'],从而判断请求是否来自自己的服务器,这种方法可以挡住大多数恶意用户,但是挡不住最高明的黑客。这些人足够聪明,能够篡改头部中的引用者信息,使表单的远程副本看起来像是从您的服务器提交的。
处理远程表单提交更好的方式是,根据一个惟一的字符串或时间戳生成一个令牌,并将这个令牌放在会话变量和表单中。提交表单之后,检查两个令牌是否匹配。如果不匹配,就知道有人试图从表单的远程副本发送数据。
要创建随机的令牌,可以使用 PHP 内置的 md5()、uniqid() 和 rand() 函数,如下所示:
<span style="font-size: small;"><?php session_start(); if ($_POST['submit'] == "go"){ //check token if ($_POST['token'] == $_SESSION['token']){ //strip_tags $name = strip_tags($_POST['name']); $name = substr($name,0,40); //clean out any potential hexadecimal characters $name = cleanHex($name); //continue processing.... }else{ //stop all processing! remote form posting attempt! } } $token = md5(uniqid(rand(), true)); $_SESSION['token']= $token; function cleanHex($input){ $clean = preg_replace("![\][xX]([A-Fa-f0-9]{1,3})!", "",$input); return $clean; } ?> <form action="<?php%20echo%20%24_SERVER%5B'PHP_SELF'%5D;?>" method="post"> <p><label for="name">Name</label> <input type="text" name="name" id="name" size="20" maxlength="40"></p> <input type="hidden" name="token" value="<?php echo $token;?>"> <p><input type="submit" name="submit" value="go"></p> </form> </span>
?这种技术是有效的,这是因为在 PHP 中会话数据无法在服务器之间迁移。即使有人获得了您的 PHP 源代码,将它转移到自己的服务器上,并向您的服务器提交信息,您的服务器接收的也只是空的或畸形的会话令牌和原来提供的表单令牌。它们不匹配,远程表单提交就失败了。

Setting session cookie parameters in PHP can be achieved through the session_set_cookie_params() function. 1) Use this function to set parameters, such as expiration time, path, domain name, security flag, etc.; 2) Call session_start() to make the parameters take effect; 3) Dynamically adjust parameters according to needs, such as user login status; 4) Pay attention to setting secure and httponly flags to improve security.

The main purpose of using sessions in PHP is to maintain the status of the user between different pages. 1) The session is started through the session_start() function, creating a unique session ID and storing it in the user cookie. 2) Session data is saved on the server, allowing data to be passed between different requests, such as login status and shopping cart content.

How to share a session between subdomains? Implemented by setting session cookies for common domain names. 1. Set the domain of the session cookie to .example.com on the server side. 2. Choose the appropriate session storage method, such as memory, database or distributed cache. 3. Pass the session ID through cookies, and the server retrieves and updates the session data based on the ID.

HTTPS significantly improves the security of sessions by encrypting data transmission, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks and providing authentication. 1) Encrypted data transmission: HTTPS uses SSL/TLS protocol to encrypt data to ensure that the data is not stolen or tampered during transmission. 2) Prevent man-in-the-middle attacks: Through the SSL/TLS handshake process, the client verifies the server certificate to ensure the connection legitimacy. 3) Provide authentication: HTTPS ensures that the connection is a legitimate server and protects data integrity and confidentiality.

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.


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