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php中session过期时间设置
网上很多人给出了解答:修改php配置文件中的session.gc_maxlifetime。如果想了解更多session回收机制,继续阅读。(本文环境php5.2)

概述:每一次php请求,会有1/100的概率(默认值)触发“session回收”。如果“session回收”发生,那就会检查/tmp/sess_*的文件,如果最后的修改时间到现在超过了1440秒(gc_maxlifetime的值),就将其删除,意味着这些session过期失效。

1. session在server端(一般是Apache with PHP module)如何存在的?

默认的,php会将session保存在/tmp目录下,文件名为这个样子:sess_01aab840166fd1dc253e3b4a3f0b8381。每一个文件对应了一个session(会话)。

more /tmp/sess_01aab840166fd1dc253e3b4a3f0b8381
username|s:9:”jiangfeng”;admin|s:1:”0〃;
#变量名|类型:长度:值
删除这里的session文件,就表示对应的session失效了。

2. session在client端(一般是浏览器)如何存在的?

session在浏览器端,只需要保存session ID(由server端生成的唯一ID)就可以了。有两种保存方式:在cookie中、在url里面。如果cookie中保存session ID,就可以看到浏览器的cookie中有一个PHPSESID变量。如果是URL传递的,就可以看到形如:
index.php?PHPSESID=01aab840166fd1dc253e3b4a3f0b8381的URL。(在server端通过session.use_cookies来控制使用哪一种方式)

3. 在server端,php如何判断session文件是否过期?

如果”最后的修改时间”到”现在”超过了gc_maxlifetime(默认是1440)秒,这个session文件就被认为是过期了,在下一次session回收的时候,如果这个文件仍然没有被更改过,这个session文件就会被删除(session就过期了)。

简单的说,如果我登录到某网站,如果在1440秒(默认值)内没有操作过,那么对应的session就认为是过期了。

所以,修改php.ini文件中的gc_maxlifetime变量就可以延长session的过期时间了:(例如,我们把过期时间修改为86400秒)

session.gc_maxlifetime = 86400
然后,重启你的web服务(一般是apache)就可以了。

注意:php5里面session过期使用了回收机制。这里设置时间为86400秒,如果session在86400秒内没有被修改过,那么在下一次“回收”时才真的被删除。

3. session“回收”何时发生?

默认情况下,每一次php请求,就会有1/100的概率发生回收,所以可能简单的理解为“每100次php请求就有一次回收发生”。这个概率是通过以下参数控制的

#概率是gc_probability/gc_divisor
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 100
注意1:假设这种情况gc_maxlifetime=120,如果某个session文件最后修改时间是120秒之前,那么在下一次回收(1/100的概率)发生前,这个session仍然是有效的。

注意2:如果你的session使用session.save_path中使用别的地方保存session,session回收机制有可能不会自动处理过期session文件。这时需要定时手动(或者crontab)的删除过期的session:cd /path/to/sessions; find -cmin +24 | xargs rm

4. 一些特殊情况

因为回收机制会检查文件的“最后修改时间”,所以如果某个会话是活跃的,但是session的内容没有改变过,那么对应的session文件也就没有改变过,回收机制会认为这是一个长时间没有活跃的session而将其删除。这是我们不愿看到的,可以通过增加如下的简单代码解决这个问题:

if(!isset($_SESSION['last_access'])||(time()-$_SESSION['last_access'])>60)
$_SESSION['last_access'] = time();
?>代码会每隔60秒,尝试修改修改一次session。

总结:如果想修改session过期时间,修改变量gc_maxlifetime就可以了。php5的session采用被动的回收机制(garbage collection)。过期的session文件不会自己消失,而是通过触发“回收”来处理过期的session。

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