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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial 处置PHP字符串的10个简单方法

处理PHP字符串的10个简单方法

PHP处理字符串的能力非常强大,方法也是多种多样,但有的时候你需要选择一种最简单且理想的解决方法。文章列举了10个PHP中常见的字符串处理案例,并提供了相对应的最理想的处理方法。

1.确定一个字符串的长度

这是文章中最明显的一个例子,其中的问题是我们如何来确定一个字符串的长度,这里我们不能不提的就是strlen()函数:

$text = "sunny day"; $count = strlen($text); // $count = 9

2.截取文本,创建一个摘要

新闻性质的网站通常会截取一个大约200字左右的段落,并在次段落的末尾加上省略号来形成一个摘要,这时,你可以使用substr_replace()函数来实现此功能。由于篇幅的原因,这里只演示对40个字符的限制:

$article = "BREAKING NEWS: In ultimate irony, man bites dog.";

$summary = substr_replace($article, "…", 40);

//$summary = "BREAKING NEWS: In ultimate irony, man bi…"

3.计算字符串中的字符和单词数

相信您经常会看到一些博客或者新闻类文章,来总结文章的总字数,或者我们也经常看到一些投稿的要求:在一定的字数范围内。这时,你可以使用str_word_count()函数来计算文章字数的总和:

$article = "BREAKING NEWS: In ultimate irony, man bites dog.";

$wordCount = str_word_count($article); // $wordCount = 8

有的时候你需要更加严格的控制投稿者的使用空间,例如一些批注等等。如果你想知道有多少个字符来组成一个数组,请使用count_chars()函数。

4.解析CSV文件

数据通常是以逗号分隔的形式存储在文件中的(如一个已知的CSV文件),CSV文件使用一个逗号或者类似于预定义符号,将每列字符串组成一个单独的行。你可能经常创建PHP脚本来导入这些数据,或者解析出你所需要的东西,这些年来,我也看到过很多解析CSV文件的方法,最常见的就是使用fgets()和explode()函数的组合来读取和解析文件,然而,最简单的方法是使用一个函数来解决问题,但它并不属于PHP的字符串处理库里的一部分:fgetcsv()函数。使用fopen()和fgetcsv()函数,我们能够很容易的解析这个文件,同时检索出每个联系人的名字:

$fh = fopen("contacts.csv", "r");

while($line = fgetcsv($fh, 1000, ","))

{ echo "Contact: {$line[1]}"; }

5.转换成一个字符串数组

某些时候,你可能需要创建CSV文件,同时又在这些文件中进行读取,这就意味着你需要将那些同逗号分隔的字符串转换成数据。如果这些数据最初是从数据库检索出的,那么它很可能会只给您提供一个数组。这时,您可以使用implode()函数,将这些字符串转换成一个数组:

$csv = implode(",", $record);

6.将网址转换成超链接

目前许多WYSIWYG编辑器提供的工具栏,都允许用户标记文本,包括超链接。但是,当内容呈现到页面上时,你可以很容易的自动执行此过程,同时保证您不出现额外的错误。要转换成超链接的URL,你可以使用preg_replace()函数,它可以按照正则表达式来搜索一个字符串,并定义了URL的结构:

$url = "W.J. Gilmore, LLC (http://www.php100.com)";http://www.php100.com)"

$url = preg_replace("/http://([A-z0-9./-]+)/", "$0", $url);

// $url = "W.J. Gilmore, LLC (

7.从一个字符串中去除HTML标签

作为Web开发人员,其中的一个主要工作就是要确保用户输入中不含有危险字符,如果有,这会导致SQL注入或脚本攻击。PHP语言中包含了很多安全方面的功能,这些功能能够帮助你过滤数据,包括延长过滤器。例如,你可以允许用户中带有一些基本的HTML语句,包括一些注释。实现这个功能,你可以使用带有检查功能函数:strip_tags()。它在默认的情况下是从字符串中删除所有的HTML标签,但同时也允许覆盖默认或者你指定的标签。例如,在下面的例子中,你可以除去所有的标签:

$text = strip_tags($input, "

");

8.比较两个字符串

比较两个字符串,以确保它们是相同的。例如,判断用户第一次与第二次输入的密码是否相同,你可以使用substr_compare()函数来很容易的现实:

$pswd = "secret";

$pswd2 = "secret";

if (! strcmp($pswd, $pswd2))

{ echo "The passwords are not identical!";

}

如果你想判断两个字符串不区分大小写,可以使用strcasecmp()函数。

9.转换换行符

在本文中我介绍了如何轻松转换成超超链接的URL,现在介绍nl2br()函数,这个函数能够帮助你将任何换行符转换成HTML标签。

$comment = nl2br($comment);

10.应用自动换行

应用自动换行,你可以使用PHP中的这个函数:wordwrap():

$speech = "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.";

echo wordwrap($speech, 30);

执行上面的代码,结果是:

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

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