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PHP中全局变量的使用global和$GLOBALS[]

用PHP开发项目,不可避免的会使用到全局变量,比如一些网站的配置信息,全站通用,那就可以在一个地方设置,然后多个地方调用。把变量定义为全局变量可以有两种方法:global和$GLOBALS[]。很多人都认为global和$GLOBALS[]只是写法不同而已,其实是有差别的。

先来看看global
php对global变量的解析是:Global的作用是定义全局变量,但是这个全局变量不是应用于整个网站,而是应用于当前页面,包括include或require的所有文件。

看一下下面一段PHP代码:

$a=123;
function test1()
{
global $a;   //如果不把$a定义为global变量,函数体内是不能访问$a的
echo $a; //123
}
test1();

global $b;
$b=456;
function test2()
{
var_dump($b);    //NULL
}
test2();

function test3()
{
global $c;
$c=789;
}
test3();
echo $c;   //789

?通过代码得出总结:在函数体内定义的global变量,函数体外可以使用,在函数体外定义的global变量不能在函数体内使用。

再来看看$GLOBALS[]

$var1 = 1;  
$var2 = 2;  
function test1(){  
     $GLOBALS['var2'] = &$GLOBALS['var1'];  
}  
test1();  
echo $var2;  //1

$var3 = 1;  
$var4 = 2;  
function test2(){  
     global $var3,$var4;  
     $var4 = &$var3;  
}  
test2();  
echo $var4;   //2

?为什么$var2的打印结果是1,而$var4的打印结果为2呢?其实就是因为$var3的引用指向了$var4的引用地址。$var4的实际值并没有改变。官方的解释是:$GLOBALS['var']是外部的全局变量本身,global $var是外部$var的同名引用或者指针。

也许这个例子还不是很清晰,我再引入一个例子:

$var1 = 1;  
function test1(){  
     unset($GLOBALS['var1']);  
}  
test1();  
var_dump($var1);   //NULL

$var2 = 1;  
function test2(){  
    global  $var2;  
     unset($var2);  
}  
test2();  
echo $var2;   //1

?$var1的值被删除,而$var2的值还存在。这就证明,$var2只是别名引用,本身的值没有受到任何的改变。也就是说global $var其实就是$var = &$GLOBALS['var'],调用外部变量的一个别名而已!

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