php 魔术方法汇总
从php5以后的版本,php的类就可以使用魔术方法了。
php规定以两个下划线(__)开头的方法都保留为魔术方法,所以建议大家函数名最好不用__开头,除非是为了重载已有的魔术方法。
PHP中的魔术方法有 :__construct, __destruct , __call, __callStatic,__get, __set, __isset, __unset , __sleep, __wakeup, __toString, __set_state, __clone, __autoload
1、__get、__set
这两个方法是为在类和他们的父类中没有声明的属性而设计的
__get( $property ) 当调用一个未定义的属性时,此方法会被触发,传递的参数是被访问的属性名
__set( $property, $value ) 给一个未定义的属性赋值时,此方法会被触发,传递的参数是被设置的属性名和值
这里的没有声明包括当使用对象调用时,访问控制为proteced,private的属性(即没有权限访问的属性)。
2、__isset、__unset
__isset( $property ) 当在一个未定义的属性上调用isset()函数时调用此方法
__unset( $property ) 当在一个未定义的属性上调用unset()函数时调用此方法
与__get方法和__set方法相同,这里的没有声明包括当使用对象调用时,访问控制为proteced,private的属性(即没有权限访问的属性)
3、__call
__call( $method, $arg_array ) 当调用一个未定义的方法是调用此方法
这里的未定义的方法包括没有权限访问的方法;如果方法不存在就去父类中找这个方法,如果父类中也不存在就去调用本类的__call()方?法,如果本类中不存在__call()方法就去找父类中的__call()方法
4、__autoload
__autoload 函数,它会在试图使用尚未被定义的类时自动调用。通过调用此函数,脚本引擎在 PHP 出错失败前有了最后一个机会加载所需的类。
如果要定义一个全局的自动加载类,则必须用spl_autoload_register()方法将处理类注册到PHP标准库:
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PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.


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