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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial 一段刁钻古怪的PHP代码

一段稀奇古怪的PHP代码
代码如下:

<?php
$data = array('a', 'b', 'c');
foreach ($data as $key => $val) {
    $val = &$data[$key];
}


问题1: 程序执行时,每一次循环结束后变量$data的值是什么?请解释。
问题2: 程序执行完以后,变量$data的值是什么?请解释。

答案:

文中所述数组$data的完整表达形式如下:
$data = array(
0 => 'a', // 内存空间A
1 => 'b', // 内存空间B
2 => 'c', // 内存空间C
);

循环过程:
$key = 0; $val = 'a'; // $val复制了变量$data[0]的值。这个赋值导致变量$val创建并指向一个新的内存空间X;$val和$data[0]指向不同的内存空间。
$val = &$data[0]; // $val成为一个引用,直接指向变量$data[0](原始数组第一个单元)。$val和$data[0]指向相同的内存空间A。
$key = 1; $val = 'b'; // 赋值操作导致$val所指向的内存空间的值被改变了;$data[0]指向相同的内存空间,所以$data[0]的值也改变了。
$val = &$data[1]; // $val还是一个引用,不过现在指向变量$data[1](原始数组第二个单元)。$val和$data[1]指向相同的内存空间B。
$key = 2; $val = 'c'; // 赋值操作导致$val所指向的内存空间的值被改变了;$data[1]指向相同的内存空间,所以$data[1]的值也改变了。
$val = &$data[2]; // $val还是一个引用,不过现在指向变量$data[2](原始数组第三个单元)。$val和$data[2]指向相同的内存空间C。

可参考PHP.net网站关于array、foreach和reference三个章节中的相关说明。

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