linux常用命令
系统信息 arch 显示机器的处理器架构(1) uname -m 显示机器的处理器架构(2) uname -r 显示正在使用的内核版本 dmidecode -q 显示硬件系统部件 - (SMBIOS / DMI) hdparm -i /dev/hda 罗列一个磁盘的架构特性 hdparm -tT /dev/sda 在磁盘上执行测试性读取操作
系统信息
arch 显示机器的处理器架构(1)
uname -m 显示机器的处理器架构(2)
uname -r 显示正在使用的内核版本
dmidecode -q 显示硬件系统部件 - (SMBIOS / DMI)
hdparm -i /dev/hda 罗列一个磁盘的架构特性
hdparm -tT /dev/sda 在磁盘上执行测试性读取操作
cat /proc/cpuinfo 显示CPU info的信息
cat /proc/interrupts 显示中断
cat /proc/meminfo 校验内存使用
cat /proc/swaps 显示哪些swap被使用
cat /proc/version 显示内核的版本
cat /proc/net/dev 显示网络适配器及统计
cat /proc/mounts 显示已加载的文件系统
lspci -tv 罗列 PCI 设备
lsusb -tv 显示 USB 设备
date 显示系统日期
cal 2007 显示2007年的日历表
date 041217002007.00 设置日期和时间 - 月日时分年.秒
clock -w 将时间修改保存到 BIOS
关机 (系统的关机、重启以及登出 )
shutdown -h now 关闭系统(1)
init 0 关闭系统(2)
telinit 0 关闭系统(3)
shutdown -h hours:minutes & 按预定时间关闭系统
shutdown -c 取消按预定时间关闭系统
shutdown -r now 重启(1)
reboot 重启(2)
logout 注销
文件和目录
cd /home 进入 '/ home' 目录'
cd .. 返回上一级目录
cd ../.. 返回上两级目录
cd 进入个人的主目录
cd ~user1 进入个人的主目录
cd - 返回上次所在的目录
pwd 显示工作路径
ls 查看目录中的文件
ls -F 查看目录中的文件
ls -l 显示文件和目录的详细资料
ls -a 显示隐藏文件
ls *[0-9]* 显示包含数字的文件名和目录名
tree 显示文件和目录由根目录开始的树形结构(1)
lstree 显示文件和目录由根目录开始的树形结构(2)
mkdir dir1 创建一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录'
mkdir dir1 dir2 同时创建两个目录
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 创建一个目录树
rm -f file1 删除一个叫做 'file1' 的文件'
rmdir dir1 删除一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录'
rm -rf dir1 删除一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录并同时删除其内容
rm -rf dir1 dir2 同时删除两个目录及它们的内容
mv dir1 new_dir 重命名/移动 一个目录
cp file1 file2 复制一个文件
cp dir/* . 复制一个目录下的所有文件到当前工作目录
cp -a /tmp/dir1 . 复制一个目录到当前工作目录
cp -a dir1 dir2 复制一个目录
ln -s file1 lnk1 创建一个指向文件或目录的软链接
ln file1 lnk1 创建一个指向文件或目录的物理链接
touch -t 0712250000 file1 修改一个文件或目录的时间戳 - (YYMMDDhhmm)
file file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text
iconv -l 列出已知的编码
iconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it is encoded in fromEncoding and converting it to toEncoding.
find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert "{}" -resize 80x60 "thumbs/{}" \; batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnails directory (requires convert from Imagemagick)

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

In PHP, use the clone keyword to create a copy of the object and customize the cloning behavior through the \_\_clone magic method. 1. Use the clone keyword to make a shallow copy, cloning the object's properties but not the object's properties. 2. The \_\_clone method can deeply copy nested objects to avoid shallow copying problems. 3. Pay attention to avoid circular references and performance problems in cloning, and optimize cloning operations to improve efficiency.

PHP is suitable for web development and content management systems, and Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and automation scripts. 1.PHP performs well in building fast and scalable websites and applications and is commonly used in CMS such as WordPress. 2. Python has performed outstandingly in the fields of data science and machine learning, with rich libraries such as NumPy and TensorFlow.

Key players in HTTP cache headers include Cache-Control, ETag, and Last-Modified. 1.Cache-Control is used to control caching policies. Example: Cache-Control:max-age=3600,public. 2. ETag verifies resource changes through unique identifiers, example: ETag: "686897696a7c876b7e". 3.Last-Modified indicates the resource's last modification time, example: Last-Modified:Wed,21Oct201507:28:00GMT.

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.


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