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linux常用命令
系统信息 arch 显示机器的处理器架构(1) uname -m 显示机器的处理器架构(2) uname -r 显示正在使用的内核版本 dmidecode -q 显示硬件系统部件 - (SMBIOS / DMI) hdparm -i /dev/hda 罗列一个磁盘的架构特性 hdparm -tT /dev/sda 在磁盘上执行测试性读取操作     

 
系统信息 
arch 显示机器的处理器架构(1) 
uname -m 显示机器的处理器架构(2) 
uname -r 显示正在使用的内核版本 
dmidecode -q 显示硬件系统部件 - (SMBIOS / DMI) 
hdparm -i /dev/hda 罗列一个磁盘的架构特性 
hdparm -tT /dev/sda 在磁盘上执行测试性读取操作 
cat /proc/cpuinfo 显示CPU info的信息 
cat /proc/interrupts 显示中断 
cat /proc/meminfo 校验内存使用 
cat /proc/swaps 显示哪些swap被使用 
cat /proc/version 显示内核的版本 
cat /proc/net/dev 显示网络适配器及统计 
cat /proc/mounts 显示已加载的文件系统 
lspci -tv 罗列 PCI 设备 
lsusb -tv 显示 USB 设备 
date 显示系统日期 
cal 2007 显示2007年的日历表 
date 041217002007.00 设置日期和时间 - 月日时分年.秒 
clock -w 将时间修改保存到 BIOS 



关机 (系统的关机、重启以及登出 ) 
shutdown -h now 关闭系统(1) 
init 0 关闭系统(2) 
telinit 0 关闭系统(3) 
shutdown -h hours:minutes & 按预定时间关闭系统 
shutdown -c 取消按预定时间关闭系统 
shutdown -r now 重启(1) 
reboot 重启(2) 
logout 注销 



文件和目录 
cd /home 进入 '/ home' 目录' 
cd .. 返回上一级目录 
cd ../.. 返回上两级目录 
cd 进入个人的主目录 
cd ~user1 进入个人的主目录 
cd - 返回上次所在的目录 
pwd 显示工作路径 
ls 查看目录中的文件 
ls -F 查看目录中的文件 
ls -l 显示文件和目录的详细资料 
ls -a 显示隐藏文件 
ls *[0-9]* 显示包含数字的文件名和目录名 
tree 显示文件和目录由根目录开始的树形结构(1) 
lstree 显示文件和目录由根目录开始的树形结构(2) 
mkdir dir1 创建一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录' 
mkdir dir1 dir2 同时创建两个目录 
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 创建一个目录树 
rm -f file1 删除一个叫做 'file1' 的文件' 
rmdir dir1 删除一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录' 
rm -rf dir1 删除一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录并同时删除其内容 
rm -rf dir1 dir2 同时删除两个目录及它们的内容 
mv dir1 new_dir 重命名/移动 一个目录 
cp file1 file2 复制一个文件 
cp dir/* . 复制一个目录下的所有文件到当前工作目录 
cp -a /tmp/dir1 . 复制一个目录到当前工作目录 
cp -a dir1 dir2 复制一个目录 
ln -s file1 lnk1 创建一个指向文件或目录的软链接 
ln file1 lnk1 创建一个指向文件或目录的物理链接 
touch -t 0712250000 file1 修改一个文件或目录的时间戳 - (YYMMDDhhmm) 
file file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text 
iconv -l 列出已知的编码 
iconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it is encoded in fromEncoding and converting it to toEncoding. 
find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert "{}" -resize 80x60 "thumbs/{}" \; batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnails directory (requires convert from Imagemagick) 

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