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php加速器 eAccelerator配置和使用指南

一、eAccelerator介绍

1、背景
eAccelerator 是一个免费开源的PHP加速、优化、编译和动态缓存的项目,它可以通过缓存PHP代码编译后的结果来提高PHP脚本的性能,使得一向很复杂和离我们很远的 PHP脚本编译问题完全得到解决。通过使用eAccelerator,可以优化你的PHP代码执行速度,降低服务器负载,可以提高PHP应用执行速度最高 达10倍。

eAccelerator 项目诞生于2004年,当时它是作为 Turck MMCache 项 目的一个分支提出并投入开发的。 Turck MMCache 由 Dmitry Stogov 开发,是个非常优秀的PHP内存缓存加速系统,如今仍然有很大部分 eAccelerator 的代码应用到该项目中,目前该项目有很长时间没有更新了,对于最新的PHP5.x的支持还未推出。

2、原理
eAccelerator 通过把经过编译后的PHP代码缓存到共享内存中,并在用户访问的时候直接调用从而起到高效的加速作用。它的效率非常高,从创建共享内存到查找编译后的代码 都在非常短的时间内完成,对于不能缓存到共享内存中的文件和代码,eAccelerator还可以把他们缓存到系统磁盘上。

eAccelerator 同样还支持PHP代码的编译和解释执行,你可以通过encoder.php脚本来对php代码进行编译达到保护代码的目的,经过编译后的代码必须运行在安 装了eAccelerator的环境下。eAccelerator编译后的代码不能被反编译,它不象其他一些编译工具那样可以进行反编译,这将使得代码更 加安全和高效。

二、eAccelerator安装配置

1、支持平台
由于aAccelerator提供了大部分基于共享内存的API,所以在*nix的平台上将得到更好的支持,虽然也发布了基于windows平台的 binary版本,但我在这里就只提供基于*nix平台的配置和说明,目前可以支持的平台包括Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Mac OS X, Solaris, AIX en HP-UX。

2、系统要求
php4 or php5
autoconf
automake
libtool
m4
eAccelerator 只支持使用 mod_php 或者 fastcgi mode 安装的PHP

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3、安装
先去eAccelerator官方下载最新版的源码包:http://sourceforge.net/projects/eaccelerator/

#tar -zxvf ./eaccelerator-0.9.5-beta2.tar.bz2
#cd eaccelerator-0.9.5-beta2
#export PHP_PREFIX="/usr/local" (把PHP安装目录导入到环境变量,FreeBSD默认是/usr/local)
#$PHP_PREFIX/bin/phpize
#./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=$PHP_PREFIX/bin/php-config
#make
#make install 

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4、ini文件配置
安装完成,下面开始配置php.ini文件,eAccelerator提供了两种配置和调用方式,分别如下。

安装为 Zend extension 模式:

zend_extension="/usr/local/lib/php/20050922/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.log_file = "/var/log/httpd/eaccelerator_log"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

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如果你使用了thread safe模式安装的PHP,你必须使用 “zend_extension_ts” 替换第一行的 “zend_extension”.

安装为 PHP extension 模式:(这是大部分采用的方式)

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extension="eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.log_file = "/var/log/httpd/eaccelerator_log"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

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有关php.ini文件的详细配置说明,请参照源码目录的README文档或者访问官方文档:ini setting

完成安装配置后,我们最后要创建缓存目录

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#mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
#chmod 777 /tmp/eaccelerator

?5、验证安装结果
通过浏览器访问您的phpinfo()页面或者运行 php -i 得到php配置信息,里面如果看到类似下面的信息就表示安装成功了。

This program makes use of the Zend Scripting Language Engine:
Zend Engine v2.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2006 Zend Technologies
    with eAccelerator v0.9.5-beta2, Copyright (c) 2004-2006 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator

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如果你打开了eAccelerator的debug选项,可以从日志中看到类似下面的信息

#tail /var/log/httpd/eAccelerator_log
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/index.php"
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/wp-blog-header.php"
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/wp-config.php"
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/wp-settings.php"
EACCELERATOR hit: "/var/www/toplee.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/wp-cache/wp-cache-phase1.php"
...

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以上信息表示文件都得到了缓存和命中。

至此,我们就完成了全部的安装和配置,好好享受eAccelerator带给你的惊喜吧,根据Michael的测试,效果的确相当的好。

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三、在PHP中可以使用eAccelerator的API开发

1、API和文档说明:

eAccelerator提供了便捷便捷而又稳定的本机缓存实现方式,由于大部分代码实现基于共享内存,所以只能在*nix平台中使用,Windows平台Michael就暂时不知道何时有这方面的支持了。
eAccelerator提供如下的API接口和文件:(下述文件均在源码包的doc/php/目录下)

文件列表:

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cache.php
dasm.php
encoder.php
info.php
loader.php
session.php
shared_memory.php

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接口列表:

array eaccelerator_cached_scripts ()
void eaccelerator_cache_output (string $key, string $eval_code, [int $ttl = 0])
void eaccelerator_cache_page (string $key, [int $ttl = 0])
void eaccelerator_cache_result (string $key, string $code, [int $ttl = 0])
void eaccelerator_caching (boolean $flag)
void eaccelerator_clean ()
void eaccelerator_clear ()
array eaccelerator_dasm_file (mixed $filename)
mixed eaccelerator_encode (mixed $src, [mixed $prefix = ''], [string $pre_content = ''], [string $post_content = '']) 
void eaccelerator_gc ()
mixed eaccelerator_get (string $key) 
array eaccelerator_info ()
array eaccelerator_list_keys ()
void eaccelerator_load ()
boolean eaccelerator_lock (string $key)
void eaccelerator_optimizer (boolean $flag) 
void eaccelerator_purge ()
boolean eaccelerator_put (string $key, mixed $value, [int $ttl = 0])
array eaccelerator_removed_scripts ()
boolean eaccelerator_rm (string $key)
void eaccelerator_rm_page (string $key) 
boolean eaccelerator_set_session_handlers ()
boolean eaccelerator_unlock (string $key)

?有关上述文档详细说明请参考官方文档:API Documents

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2、PHP代码中使用eAccelerator加速

下面有一个测试的代码,你可以测试一下eAccelerator强大的威力:(该代码在 cli 模式下可能无效)

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<?php
class test_cache {
  var $pro = 'hello';
 
  function test_cache() {
    echo "Object Created!<br>\n";
  }
  function func() {
    echo ', the world!';
  }
  function now($t) {
    echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $t);
  }
}
 
$tt = eaccelerator_get("test_tt");
if (!$tt)
{
  $tt = new test_cache;
  eaccelerator_put("test_tt", $tt);
  echo "no cached!<br>\n";
}
else {
  echo "cached<br>\n";
}
 
echo $tt->pro;
$tt->func();
$tt->now(time() + 86400);
?>

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另外,据说在著名的vBulletin 3.60Beta版里面已经集成了对eAccelerator的支持,下面是一段来自vBulletin里面的代码

<?php
// #############################################################################
// eAccelerator
 
/**
* Class for fetching and initializing the vBulletin datastore from eAccelerator
*
* @package    vBulletin
* @version    $Revision: 0.1 $
* @date        $Date: 2005/06/12 13:14:18 $
*/
class vB_Datastore_eAccelerator extends vB_Datastore
{
    /**
    * Fetches the contents of the datastore from eAccelerator
    *
    * @param    array    Array of items to fetch from the datastore
    *
    * @return    void
    */
    function fetch($itemarray)
    {
        if (!function_exists('eaccelerator_get'))
        {
            trigger_error("eAccelerator not installed", E_USER_ERROR);
        }
 
        foreach ($this->defaultitems AS $item)
        {
            $this->do_fetch($item);
        }
 
        if (is_array($itemarray))
        {
            foreach ($itemarray AS $item)
            {
                $this->do_fetch($item);
            }
        }
 
        $this->check_options();
 
        // set the version number variable
        $this->registry->versionnumber =& $this->registry->options['templateversion'];
    }
 
    /**
    * Fetches the data from shared memory and detects errors
    *
    * @param    string    title of the datastore item
    *
    * @return    void
    */
    function do_fetch($title)
    {
        $data = eaccelerator_get($title);
        if ($data === null)
        { // appears its not there, lets grab the data, lock the shared memory and put it in
            $data = '';
            $dataitem = $this->dbobject->query_first("
                SELECT title, data FROM " . TABLE_PREFIX . "datastore
                WHERE title = '" . $this->dbobject->escape_string($title) ."'
            ");
            if (!empty($dataitem['title']))
            {
                $data =& $dataitem['data'];
                $this->build($dataitem['title'], $dataitem['data']);
            }
        }
        $this->register($title, $data);
    }
 
 
 
 
    /**
    * Updates the appropriate cache file
    *
    * @param    string    title of the datastore item
    *
    * @return    void
    */
    function build($title, $data)
    {
        if (!function_exists('eaccelerator_put'))
        {
            trigger_error("eAccelerator not installed", E_USER_ERROR);
        }
        eaccelerator_lock($title);
        eaccelerator_put($title, $data);
        eaccelerator_unlock($title);
    }
}
?>

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四、附录和参考资料
eAccelerator 官方网站 :http://eaccelerator.net

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