关于 PHP 中巨型数据对象的内存开销问题的研究
首先请大家不要误会,不是我要发表对这个问题的什么研究成果,而是想请大家帮我一起来分析研究一下这个问题 :)
描述一下简化了的问题背景:在一个用 PHP 实现的网站中,所有的程序文件都在一开始包含了一个公共的文件 common.php。现在由于业务需要,在 common.php 中定义了一个“巨型”的数据对象(一个含有约 500k 个 int 值的 array 对象),比如 $huge_array = array(1,2,3,...,500000),并且在整个系统中对 $huge_array 只有“读”访问。假设系统需要持续稳定运行在 100 个并发请求的状态下。
问题 1:$huge_array 在 common.php 源文件中大概要占用 10M(这个姑且不算是问题),加载到内存中也许要占用 4M(只是估算一下,至于准确测量其尺寸,不是本文要讨论的要点)。问题在于,PHP 本身每处理一个 HTTP request,都是要启用一个独立的进程(或者是线程),那它是不是都要重新在内存中加载这个约 4M 的内存块呢?如果不能共享内存的话,那可能就要同时占用近 400M 的物理内存,无论在内存占用量还是内存访问效率方面,都是很不利的。
问题 2:当启用了某种缓存机制(比如 APC、XCache 等)的时候,我们知道这类缓存机制都具有对 opcode 进行缓存的能力,但似乎也只是减少了脚本编译环节的重复性工作,对于运行时的变量加载,是否也能起到共享内存的作用呢?希望它能起到一定的作用,毕竟那一大堆 int 值肯定也是作为 opcode 的一部分而存在的。
问题 3:如果上述借用 XCache 对 opcode 的缓存不能达到目的的话,那我直接操作 XCache 是否会有效呢?就是说,不把 $huge_array 写在 common.php 里,而是写到缓存引擎里。
本文意在通过分析研究,确定这种用法是否会导致内存使用瓶颈,如果有问题的话如何优化。当然,想尽办法减小这个巨型数据对象本身的尺寸是首先最值得考虑的,必须的,但那个属于数据结构和算法方面的话题,就不在本文中讨论了。欢迎大家发表一下自己对这个问题的分析观点,如果能给自己的观点设计一些可操作的测试验证方案就更好了,如果你没时间写代码,只要方案看上去合理,我愿意来写测试代码 ^_^
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基于CSDN论坛提供的插件扩展功能,自己做了个签名档工具,分享给大家,欢迎技术交流 :)

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