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crontab定时任务配置记录

一、前言

  今天简单记录下crontab的配置

二、crontab目录 

/etc/crontab 文件    这是系统运行的调度任务 /var/spool/cron 目录    用户自定义的crontab任务放在此目录下 ls –lrt /etc/cron*   /etc/cron.deny     表示不能使用crontab命令的用户   /etc/cron.allow     表示能使用crontab命令的用户   默认情况下,cron.allow不存在,如果都存在,cron.allow优先

三、crontab命令语法

具体可 crontab --help 或者 man crontab|morecrontab –l   //查看当前用户的定时任务 crontab –e  //编辑当前用户的定时任务crontab –r  //删除当前用户的定时任务

四、crontab任务格式

59 23 * * *  /home/xxx/crontab/test.sh > /dev/null  2>&1 &前6列暂且用C1 - C6表示C1 分    (1-59)C2 时    (1-23,0表示子夜)C3 日    (1-31)C4 月    (1-12)C5 星期   (0-6,0表示星期天,1表示星期一,以此类推)C6 要运行的命令前5列表示 命令执行的频率,最小频率是每分钟一次,其中Cn的值可用四种形式表示:*  ,  */n  , T1-T2 , a,b,c  当C1 为 * 时,表示每分钟都要执行命令当C1 为 */n时,表示每隔n分钟执行一次命令当C1 为 T1-T2时,表示从 T1分钟 到 T2分钟时间内都要执行命令当C1 为 a,b,c 时,表示第 a,b,c 分钟都要执行命令示例调用:12  12 * * *  /home/xxx/crontab/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 表示每天的12点12分 执行脚本*/2 *  *  *  *  /home/xxx/crontab/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1表示每隔2分钟 执行一次脚本0 23 * * 1-5  /home/xxx/crontab/test.sh >/dev/null 2>&1表示每周一到周五的23点 执行一次脚本0 19 * * 0  mail -s "xxx" [email&#160;protected] < /tmp/maildata表示每周日的19点 发送邮件到 [email&#160;protected]

五、关于命令的说明

关于命令中 /dev/null 2>&1 的解释0  表示键盘输入1  表示标准输出2  表示错误输出1.创建test.sh,内容如下#! /bin/bashecho "time is " `date`2.添加定时任务* * * * *    /home/xxx/crontab/test.sh > /home/xxx/crontab/test.log &    默认是1,和下面方法一致* * * * *   /home/xxx/crontab/test.sh 1> /home/xxx/crontab/test.log &* * * * *   /home/xxx/crontab/test.sh > /home/xxx/crontab/test.log  2>&1 &3.说明1代表,标准输出,所以上述命令会将脚本的输出结果,输出到后面指定的log文件中,而不是打印到屏幕;2代表,错误输出,&1表示文件的描述,这里表示脚本执行的错误信息重定向到1(标准输出)而1已经重定向到指定的log文件中,所以信息都会输出到log文件不能写成 2>1 ,缺少&,会认为是错误信息输出到名称为 1 文件中

六、注意事项

1.shell中需设置必要的环境变量  crontab的环境变量默认不包含系统当前用户的环境,所以需添加必要的环境变量2.尽量采用完整路径方法,避免使用相对路径3.避免脚本的重复执行  if(exec("ps -ef |grep 'php'|grep 'updateScript'|grep -v 'grep' |wc -l ") > 2){    die();    }  grep -v 'grep'    表示结果去过滤掉 grep 那一行  wc -l             表示统计满足条件的行数  这样就可以判断 php进程中,名为 updateScript 的脚本 是否已经执行了

七、参考资料

http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/3238346.htmlhttp://www.cnblogs.com/hazir/p/sudo_command.html

 

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