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php学习之道:php empty()和isset()的区别

在使用 php 编写页面程序时,我经常使用变量处理函数判断 php 页面尾部参数的某个变量值是否为空,开始的时候我习惯了使用 empty() 函数,却发现了一些问题,因此改用 isset() 函数,问题不再。

顾名思义,empty() 判断一个变量是否为“空”,isset() 判断一个变量是否已经设置。正是这种所谓的“顾名思义”,令我开始时走了些弯路:当一个变量值等于0时,empty()也会成立(True),因而会发生一些意外。原来,empty() 和 isset() 虽然都是变量处理函数,它们都用来判断变量是否已经配置,它们却是有一定的区别empty还会检测变量是否为空、为零。当一个变量值为0,empty() 认为这个变量同等于空,即相当于没有设置。

比如检测 $id 变量,当 $id=0 时,用empty() 和 isset() 来检测变量 $id 是否已经配置,两都将返回不同的值—— empty() 认为没有配置,isset() 能够取得 $id 的值:

 $id=0;
    
empty($id)?print "It's empty .":print "It's $id ."
      
//结果:It's empty .
    print "
";
    
!isset($id)?print "It's empty .":print "It's $id .";
      
//结果:It's 0 .


   这意味着,我们在使用变量处理函数时,当该变量可能出现0的值,使用 empty() 要小心,这个时候用 isset 取代它更明智一些。

当一个php页面的 URL 尾部参数出现 id=0 时(比如:test.php?id=0),试比较:

if(empty($id)) $id=1- 若 id=0 ,id 也会为1
if(!isset($id)) $id=1- 若 id=0 ,id 不会为1


可分开运行以下代码检测上述推断:

 if(empty($id)) $id=1;
    
print $id; // 得到 1

    
if(!isset($id)) $id=1;
    
print $id; //得到 0



  要说它们的联系,其共同点就是empty()和isset()都是变量处理函数,作用是判断变量是否已经配置,正是由于它们在处理变量过程中有很大的相似性,才导致对它们的关系认识不足。单从empty()和isset()这两个函数本身来考虑的话会把人弄得更糊涂,换一个角度来它。empty()和isset()的处理对象无外乎未定义变量0空字符串。
如果变量为0,则empty()会返回TRUE,isset()会返回TRUE;

如果变量为空字符串,则empty()会返回TRUE,isset()会返回TRUE;

如果变量未定义,则empty()会返回TRUE,isset()会返回FLASE;

手册中对empty()的解释如下:
描述bool empty( mixed var )
如果 var 是非空或非零的值,则 empty() 返回 FALSE。换句话说,""、0、"0"、NULLFALSE、array()、var $var; 以及没有任何属性的对象都将被认为是空的,如果 var 为空,则返回 TRUE
手册中对isset()的解释如下:
isset()检测变量是否设置
描述bool isset ( mixed var [, mixed var [, ...]] )
如果 var 存在则返回 TRUE,否则返回 FALSE
如果已经使用 unset() 释放了一个变量之后,它将不再是 isset()。若使用 isset() 测试一个被设置成 NULL 的变量,将返回 FALSE。同时要注意的是一个 NULL 字节("\0")并不等同于 PHP 的 NULL 常数。
警告: isset() 只能用于变量,因为传递任何其它参数都将造成解析错误。若想检测常量是否已设置,可使用 defined()函数。
当要 判断一个变量是否已经声明的时候 可以使用 isset 函数
当要 判断一个变量是否已经赋予数据且不为空 可以用 empty 函数
当要 判断 一个变量 存在且不为空 先isset 函数 再用 empty 函数

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