for和foreach那个效率高?原因是什么?
PHP中for和foreach效率高的是foreach
for循环遍历方法:
public function getForTime(){ $big_Array = range(0,1000000,1); /* for循环遍历数组示例 */ $start_For_Time = $this->microtime_float(); //$array_Count = count($big_Array); for ($i=0;$i<count($big_Array);$i++) { $i; } $end_For_Time = $this->microtime_float(); $for_Time = $end_For_Time - $start_For_Time; echo 'for循环遍历耗时:'.$for_Time.'<br>'; }
foreach循环遍历方法:
public function getForeachTime(){ $big_Array = range(0,1000000,1); /* foreach循环遍历数组示例 */ $start_Foreach_Time = $this->microtime_float(); foreach ($big_Array as $key=>$val) { $key; } $end_Foreach_Time = $this->microtime_float(); $foreach_Time = $end_Foreach_Time - $start_Foreach_Time; echo 'foreach循环遍历耗时:'.$foreach_Time; }
时间计算方法:
/** * 时间统计函数 */ private function microtime_float($time = null) { list($usec, $sec) = explode(' ', $time ? $time : microtime()); return ((float)$usec + (float)$sec); }
看一下两种方式耗时
/* * 输出结果:第一种情况:先count在for循环遍历耗时:0.028002023696899 秒 * foreach循环遍历耗时:0.003000020980835 秒 * 第二种情况:在for循环条件中做count遍历耗时:0.095005035400391 秒 * foreach循环遍历耗时:0.0040009021759033 秒 * */
从上面的测试中我们可以明显的得出两条结论:
1、for循环遍历的效率是低于foreach循环遍历
2、for循环在外部做count和在条件中做count相比较,第一种效率更高
效率高的原因是什么呢?在寻找这个答案之前我们先探讨原理分别是什么。
for 循环:
每次从$i开始,每次循环都需要判断$i是否小于count,这占用了很大一部分时间
小于继续,否则终止循环
foreach:
foreach 依赖 IEnumerable.
第一次 var a in GetList() 时 调用 GetEnumerator 返回第一个对象 并 赋给a,
以后每次再执行 var a in GetList() 的时候 调用 MoveNext.直到循环结束.
期间GetList()方法只执行一次.
从上面是分析我们明显可以得出结论:php 的foreach循环效率是大大高于for循环。也许有很大的一个原因是for 要进行很多次条件判断。所以以后能用foreach的地方就用foreach,可以提高1倍的效率。
BUT:事实真的是这样吗?有人会说这个例子已经很明显了啊,结论一目了然,难道还有其他的可能吗?
我觉得事实没这么简单,如果真的是这样,for循环存在的意义是什么呢?
既然foreach效率高于for这么多倍,就直接都用foreach不就行了吗?个人觉得我测试的这个例子有一定的局限性,并不能作为评估两个循环方式效率高低的绝对依据。
不过,对于我们phper来说,正常工作当中还是使用foreach循环遍历比较好,至于编译层是如何工作的没必要涉及太深,如果有兴趣可以深度研究一下。
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