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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial怎么提高php应用的性能-牛人总结

如何提高php应用的性能-牛人总结

1、 如果能将类的方法定义成static,就尽量定义成static,它的速度会提升将近4倍。
2、$row[’id’] 的速度是$row[id]的7倍。
3、echo 比 print快,并且使用echo的多重参数(译注:指用逗号而不是句点)代替字符串连接,比如echo$str1,$str2。
4、在执行for循环之前确定最大循环数,不要每循环一次都计算最大值,最好运用foreach代替。
5、注销那些不用的变量尤其是大数组,以便释放内存。
6、尽量避免使用__get,__set,__autoload。
7、require_once()代价昂贵。
8、include文件时尽量使用绝对路径,因为它避免了PHP去include_path里查找文件的速度,解析操作系统路径所需的时间会更少。
9、如果你想知道脚本开始执行(译注:即服务器端收到客户端请求)的时刻,使用$_SERVER[‘REQUEST_TIME’]要好于 time()。
10、函数代替正则表达式完成相同功能。
11、str_replace函数比preg_replace函数快,但strtr函数的效率是str_replace函数的四倍。
12、如果一个字符串替换函数,可接受数组或字符作为参数,并且参数长度不太长,那么可以考虑额外写一段替换代码,使得每次传递参数是一个字符,而不是只写一行代码接受数组作为查询和替换的参数。
13、使用选择分支语句(译注:即switch case)好于使用多个if,else if语句。
[email protected],极其低效。
15、打开apache的mod_deflate模块,可以提高网页的浏览速度。
16、数据库连接当使用完毕时应关掉,不要用长连接。
17、错误消息代价昂贵。
18、在方法中递增局部变量,速度是最快的。几乎与在函数中调用局部变量的速度相当。
19、递增一个全局变量要比递增一个局部变量慢2倍。
20、递增一个对象属性(如:$this->prop++)要比递增一个局部变量慢3倍。
21、递增一个未预定义的局部变量要比递增一个预定义的局部变量慢9至10倍。
22、仅定义一个局部变量而没在函数中调用它,同样会减慢速度(其程度相当于递增一个局部变量)。PHP大概会检查看是否存在全局变量。
23、方法调用看来与类中定义的方法的数量无关,因为我(在测试方法之前和之后都)添加了10个方法,但性能上没有变化。
24、派生类中的方法运行起来要快于在基类中定义的同样的方法。
25、调用带有一个参数的空函数,其花费的时间相当于执行7至8次的局部变量递增操作。类似的方法调用所花费的时间接近于15次的局部变量递增操作。
26、Apache解析一个PHP脚本的时间要比解析一个静态HTML页面慢2至10倍。尽量多用静态HTML页面,少用脚本。
27、除非脚本可以缓存,否则每次调用时都会重新编译一次。引入一套PHP缓存机制通常可以提升25%至100%的性能,以免除编译开销。
28、尽量做缓存,可使用memcached。memcached是一款高性能的内存对象缓存系统,可用来加速动态Web应用程序,减轻数据库负载。对运算码 (OP code)的缓存很有用,使得脚本不必为每个请求做重新编译。
29、当操作字符串并需要检验其长度是否满足某种要求时,你想当然地会使用strlen()函数。此函数执行起来相当快,因为它不做任何计算,只返回在zval 结构(C的内置数据结构,用于存储PHP变量)中存储的已知字符串长度。但是,由于strlen()是函数,多多少少会有些慢,因为函数调用会经过诸多步骤,如字母小写化(译注:指函数名小写化,PHP不区分函数名大小写)、哈希查找,会跟随被调用的函数一起执行。在某些情况下,你可以使用isset() 技巧加速执行你的代码。
(举例如下)
if (strlen($foo)
(与下面的技巧做比较)
if (!isset($foo{5})) { echo “Foo is too short”$$ }
调用isset()恰巧比strlen()快,因为与后者不同的是,isset()作为一种语言结构,意味着它的执行不需要函数查找和字母小写化。也就是说,实际上在检验字符串长度的顶层代码中你没有花太多开销。
34、当执行变量$i的递增或递减时,$i++会比++$i慢一些。这种差异是PHP特有的,并不适用于其他语言,所以请不要修改你的C或?Java代码并指望它们能立即变快,没用的。++$i更快是因为它只需要3条指令(opcodes),$i++则需要4条指令。后置递增实际上会产生一个临时变量,这个临时变量随后被递增。而前置递增直接在原值上递增。这是最优化处理的一种,正如Zend的PHP优化器所作的那样。牢记这个优化处理不失为一个好主意,因为并不是所有的指令优化器都会做同样的优化处理,并且存在大量没有装配指令优化器的互联网服务提供商(ISPs)和服务器。
35、并不是事必面向对象(OOP),面向对象往往开销很大,每个方法和对象调用都会消耗很多内存。
36、并非要用类实现所有的数据结构,数组也很有用。
37、不要把方法细分得过多,仔细想想你真正打算重用的是哪些代码?
38、当你需要时,你总能把代码分解成方法。
39、尽量采用大量的PHP内置函数。
40、如果在代码中存在大量耗时的函数,你可以考虑用C扩展的方式实现它们。
41、评估检验(profile)你的代码。检验器会告诉你,代码的哪些部分消耗了多少时间。Xdebug调试器包含了检验程序,评估检验总体上可以显示出代码的瓶颈。
42、mod_zip可作为Apache模块,用来即时压缩你的数据,并可让数据传输量降低80%。
43、在可以用file_get_contents替代file、fopen、feof、fgets等系列方法的情况下,尽量用 file_get_contents,因为他的效率高得多!但是要注意file_get_contents在打开一个URL文件时候的PHP版本问题;
44、尽量的少进行文件操作,虽然PHP的文件操作效率也不低的;
45、优化Select SQL语句,在可能的情况下尽量少的进行Insert、Update操作;
46、尽可能的使用PHP内部函数(但是我却为了找个PHP里面不存在的函数,浪费了本可以写出一个自定义函数的时间,经验问题啊!);
47、循环内部不要声明变量,尤其是大变量:对象(这好像不只是PHP里面要注意的问题吧?);
48、多维数组尽量不要循环嵌套赋值;
49、在可以用PHP内部字符串操作函数的情况下,不要用正则表达式;
50、foreach效率更高,尽量用foreach代替while和for循环;
51、用单引号替代双引号引用字符串;
52、“用i+=1代替i=i+1。符合c/c++的习惯,效率还高”;
53、对global变量,应该用完就unset()掉。

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