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PHP递归实现无限级分类

在一些复杂的系统中,要求对信息栏目进行无限级的分类,以增强系统的灵活性。那么PHP是如何实现无限级分类的呢?我们在本文中使用递归算法并结合mysql数据表实现无限级分类。

递归,简单的说就是一段程序代码的重复调用,当把代码写到一个自定义函数中,将参数等变量保存,函数中重复调用函数,直到达到某个条件才跳出,返回相应的数据。

Mysql

首先我们准备一张数据表class,记录商品分类信息。表中有三个字段,id:分类编号,主键自增长;title:分类名称;pid:所属上级分类id。

class表结构:

<code> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `class` (   `id` mediumint(6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,   `title` varchar(30) NOT NULL,   `pid` mediumint(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',   PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; </code>

插入数据后,如图:

classtable

PHP

根据不同的需求,我们提供两种不同格式的自定义函数,一种是返回字符串,一种是返回数组,两种函数都使用了递归方法。先看返回字符串格式的函数:

<code> function get_str($id = 0) {     global $str;     $sql = "select id,title from class where pid= $id";      $result = mysql_query($sql);//查询pid的子类的分类     if($result && mysql_affected_rows()){//如果有子类         $str .= '<ul>';         while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { //循环记录集             $str .= "<li>" . $row['id'] . "--" . $row['title'] . "</li>"; //构建字符串             get_str($row['id']); //调用get_str(),将记录集中的id参数传入函数中,继续查询下级         }         $str .= '</ul>';     }     return $str; } </code>

以上函数get_str()通过递归,不断查询下级分类,并最终返回字符串,大家可以根据项目需求修改其中的str,最终生成一个无限分级列表:

<code> include_once('connect.php'); //连接数据库,connect.php文件自己写一个啊 echo get_str(0); //输出无限级分类 </code>

效果如:

classpic

接着我们来看返回数组格式的函数,一样要使用递归:

<code> function get_array($id=0){     $sql = "select id,title from class where pid= $id";     $result = mysql_query($sql);//查询子类     $arr = array();     if($result && mysql_affected_rows()){//如果有子类         while($rows=mysql_fetch_assoc($result)){ //循环记录集             $rows['list'] = get_array($rows['id']); //调用函数,传入参数,继续查询下级             $arr[] = $rows; //组合数组         }         return $arr;     } } </code>

函数get_array()返回了数组,这是我们期待的,所以笔者推荐使用get_array()得到数组,这样一来,我们可以对数组进行任意操作,比如我们可以将数组转换成json格式的数据传给前端页面,前端页面可以通过解析json数据灵活展示分类信息。比如树形结构的分类列表,下拉分类列表等。

<code> include_once('connect.php'); //连接数据库 $list = get_array(0); //调用函数 print_r($list); //输出数组 </code>

输出效果如:

classarr

如果要输出json格式的数据,则可使用:

<code> echo json_encode($list); </code>

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