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PHP开发笔记系列(九)- 数组(三)

??? 写了两篇关于Php数组的日常使用,本篇《PHP开发笔记系列(九)- 数组(三)》,主要关注数组的大小和排序。


??? 1. 获取数组长度

??? count()函数返回数组中的元素个数,是sizeof()是count()的别名,功能一样。

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file: count.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/count.php<?php    $map['1st'] = '1st value';     $map['2nd'] = '2nd value';     $map['3rd'] = '3rd value';    echo count($map);    ?>

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??? count()函数除了接受第一个被count的数组变量外,还可以接受一个mode的参数,指定是否需要进行递归,统计多维数组中所有元素的个数,代码如下:

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file: count.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/count.php<?php        $school['grade1']['class1'] = 'class1, grade1';     $school['grade1']['class2'] = 'class2, grade1';     $school['grade1']['class3'] = 'class3, grade1';     $school['grade2']['class1'] = 'class1, grade2';     $school['grade2']['class2'] = 'class2, grade2';     $school['grade2']['class3'] = 'class3, grade2';     $school['grade3']['class1'] = 'class1, grade3';     echo count($school);        echo count($school, 1);    ?>

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??? 2. 统计数组元素出现频率

??? array_count_values()函数返回一个包含关联键/值的数组。如'A'出现2次,'B'出现1次,之类。代码如下:

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file: array_count_values.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/array_count_values.php<?php    $favor = array('Sport', 'Travel', 'Sport' , 'Sing');    $stats = array_count_values($favor);        print_r($stats);        echo "<br/>====================<br/>";        $favor1 = array('1'=>'Sport', '2'=>'Sing', '3'=>'Sing', '4'=>'Travel');        $stats1 = array_count_values($favor1);        print_r($stats1);    ?>

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??? 3. 返回数组非重复元素

??? array_unique()函数会删除数组中所有重复的值,返回一个由不重复值组成的数组,原数组元素不变,代码如下:

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file: array_unique.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/array_unique.php<?php    $favor = array('Sport', 'Travel', 'Sport' , 'Sing');    $unique = array_unique($favor);        print_r($favor);        echo "<br/>====================<br/>";        print_r($unique);    ?>

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??? 4. 数组排序

??? sort()函数对数组进行排序,各元素按值由低到高的顺序排列。sort()函数不反悔排序后的数组,相反它只是排序,不论结果如何都不反悔任何值。同时,可以为排序指定排序规则,如SORT_NUMERIC是按数值排序,应用在整数和浮点数上,SORT_REGULAR是按ASCII值进行排序,应用在字符或字符串上,SORT_STRING是按字符串排序。代码如下:

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??? 注意:sort()函数会直接修改被传入的array中的值,仔细查看下面程序的输出结果。

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file: sort.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/sort.php<?php    $number = array(1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 10, 7, 1, 2);    print_r($number);    echo '<br/>';    sort($number, SORT_NUMERIC);    print_r($number);        echo "<br/>====================<br/>";        $letter = array('a', 'A', 'Z', 'f', 'G', 'e');    print_r($letter);     echo '<br/>';      // 默认是模式是SORT_REGULAR    sort($letter, SORT_REGULAR);    print_r($letter);        echo "<br/>====================<br/>";        $string = array('Jack', 'Mike', 'Mary', 'Jassica', 'Ruby');    print_r($string);    echo '<br/>';      sort($string, SORT_STRING);    print_r($string);    ?>

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??? 从上面的结果可以查看,sort()函数修改的不仅被传入数组的元素,而且把键与值的对应关系都改变了,若需要保持键/值对的关系,需要用到asort()函数,如下:

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file: asort.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/asort.php<?php    $number = array(1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 10, 7, 1, 2);    print_r($number);    echo '<br/>';    asort($number, SORT_NUMERIC);    print_r($number);        echo "<br/>====================<br/>";        $letter = array('a', 'A', 'Z', 'f', 'G', 'e');    print_r($letter);     echo '<br/>';      // 默认是模式是SORT_REGULAR    asort($letter, SORT_REGULAR);    print_r($letter);        echo "<br/>====================<br/>";        $string = array('Jack', 'Mike', 'Mary', 'Jassica', 'Ruby');    print_r($string);    echo '<br/>';      asort($string, SORT_STRING);    print_r($string);    ?>
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??? 5. 逆序排序

??? rsort()函数与sort函数类似,同样有保持键值对关系和不保持键值对关系的模式,使用方法一致。


??? 6. 数组自然排序

??? 在数组的排序中,如student1.jpg, student2.jpg,student10.jpg, student20.jgp,使用典型的排序如sort后,会排出student1.jpg, studdent10.jpg, student2.jpg, student20.jpg这样的顺序,但期望的顺序是student1.jpg, student2.jpg, studdent10.jpg, student20.jpg。这时就需要用到natsort()函数了。

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file: natsort.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/natsort.php<?php    $student = array('student1.jpg', 'student20.jpg', 'student10.jpg', 'student2.jpg');        print_r($student);        echo "<br/> ========================== <br/>";        sort($student);        print_r($student);            echo "<br/> ========================== <br/>";        natsort($student);        print_r($student);    ?>
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??? natsort()函数还有一个变形,叫natcasesort()函数,在功能上与natsort()函数相同,只是不缺分大小写。

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file: natcasesort.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/natcasesort.php<?php    $student = array('student1.jpg', 'Student20.jpg', 'student10.jpg', 'Student2.jpg');        natcasesort($student);        print_r($student);    ?>

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??? 7. 按键值对数组排序

??? 上述函数主要对数值键数组进行排序,那么对关联键数组进行排序的话,可能有特殊的需求,例如按照键值进行排序,此时需要用到ksort()函数,成功返回TRUE,失败返回FALSE。同时还象sort()函数一样,接受一个sort_flags的参数,为SORT_NUMERIC,SORT_REGULAR,SORT_STRING,指定排序模式。代码如下:

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file: ksort.phpurl: http://localhost:88/array/ksort.php<?php    $student['Jack'] = 'Jack Lee';    $student['Samamda'] = 'Samamda Mo';    $student['Smart'] = 'Smart Chan';    $student['Mary'] = 'Mary Lu';    $student['Ban'] = 'Ban Chuang';        print_r($student);        echo "<br/> ========================== <br/>";        ksort($student);        print_r($student);        ?>

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??? 8. 自定义排序规则

??? Php还提供了一个自定排序的方法,就是usort(),可以使用在该函数中指定的用户自定义比较算法对数组排序。但是一般用得较少,大家自己实验一下。


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??? Php数组的排序部分就讲到这里,下次继续Php数组的后续内容。


??? 本文地址:http://ryan-d.iteye.com/blog/1566686

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