php 引用传递、引用返回和取消引用以及unset
原文出处:http://hi.baidu.com/kashifs/blog/item/928379f254888cbea50f524a.html
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在 PHP 中引用意味着用不同的名字访问同一个变量内容。这并不像 C 的指针,替代的是引用是符号表别名。注意在 PHP 中,变量名和变量内容是不一样的,因此同样的内容可以有不同的名字。
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引用传递
function foo ( &$var ){$var++;}foo ($a); // 注意在函数调用时没有引用符号 - 只有函数定义中有。光是函数定义就足够使参数通过引用来正确传递了?
引用返回
function &init_users(){ ... return $cls;}//使用引用返回,必须在两个地方都用&符号$user = & init_users();function &init_users(){ ...return $cls;}?
取消引用
当 unset 一个引用,只是断开了变量名和变量内容之间的绑定。这并不意味着变量内容被销毁了。
$a="hihaha";$b= &$a;unset($b);echo$a;// shows "hihaha"?
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这里有个php引用的例子,好好看一遍:
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PHP unset全局变量在用户函数中只能销毁局部变量,并不能销毁全局变量。(从PHP4开始unset已经不再是一个函数了,而是一个语句)。如果需要销毁全局变量的应该如何做呢?也很简单,用$GLOBALS数组来实现。
?对于unset:
1. 该函数只有在变量值所占空间超过256字节长的时候才会释放内存
2. 只有当指向该值的所有变量(比如有引用变量指向该值)都被销毁后,地址才会被释放(也要执行1的判断)
也就是检查有无其他变量绑定,有的话就不会释放了。就像这个例子:
$a="hihaha";$b= &$a;unset($b);echo$a;// shows "hihaha"?
所以建议大家用 $变量=null 的方法来释放其内存。
?给一个测试当前php脚本内存使用情况的函数:
<?phpecho memory_get_usage()."\n";$a = str_repeat("A", 1000);echo memory_get_usage()."\n";$b=&$a; //下面的内存大小不会变,unset只是解除$a的绑定unset($a);echo memory_get_usage()."\n";?>?
自己理解的仍然不行,看这里:http://www.laruence.com/2011/03/04/1894.html

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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