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PHP软件工程师突破成长瓶颈-续(转载)

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Jun 13, 2016 am 10:41 AM

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PHP程序员突破成长瓶颈-续(转载)

from:http://hi.baidu.com/%D3%E3%BA%CD%C3%A8/blog/item/835a6722adeb4e5d9922ed48.html

如何有效的学习是一个大问题。自己有些实践但很零散，不好总结。昨天晚上睡觉前，突然想到了RUP的核心，“以架构为中心，用例驱动，迭代开发”，借用这个思想，关于有效的学习的方法，可以这样来表述:

以原理、模型或机制为中心，任务驱动，迭代学习

有点抽象，举个例子来说明如何学习。

目的：学习如何提高处理性能。

可迭代驱动的任务：通过IP找到所在地域。

这是WEB应用常见的任务，IP数据库是10左右万行的记录。

第一次迭代：不考虑性能的情况下实现功能（通过PHP来实现）

因为无法直接通过KEY(IP)进行查找地域，所以直接放到数据或通过关联数组这种简单的方法都是不行的。思路还是先把数据进行排序，然后再进行查找

如何通过IP查找？已序的数据，二分查找是最快的。

如何排序？用库函数sort当然是可以，但是即然是学习，那还是自己实现快速排序吧。

学习目标：排序算法，查找算法

PHPer 数据结构和算法基础比较差，平时也没有这方面的任务，自己也不学习，因此这方面的知识很缺乏。但是，编程解决的问题，最终都会归结到数据结构和对这种数据结构操作的算法。如果数据结构算法常在心中，那遇到问题就能清晰认识到它内在的结构，解决方法就会自然产生。

第二次迭代：优化数据的加载与排序

如果做到第一步，那基本上还是不可用，因为数据每次都需要的加载和排序，这样太耗时间。解决的思路是，数据一次加载排序后，放到每个PHP进程能访问到的地方。

放到memcache 这是大家容易想到问题。其实放到共享内存(EA等加速器都支持)中是更快的方式，因为memcache还多了网络操作。数据是整体放入到共享内存，还是分块放入，如何测试性能? 如何分析瓶颈所在(xdebug)? 在这些问题的驱动下你会学习到

学习目标：检测、定位、优化PHP性能的方法; PHP实现结构对性能的影响。

第三次迭代：编写PHP的扩展

性能还是上不去，不得不进入C/C++的世界了，不过从此你将不只是PHPer 而服务端的全能型工程师，当然这对没有做过C/C++的同学挑战是巨大的。我这里无法再简单来说如何学习C/C++ ，可以参看《PHP程序员学习C++》

学习目标：C/C++的学习，PHP扩展的编写

怎么确定需要学习的机制和原理呢？怎么找到驱动学习任务呢？

我对需要学习的东西，都没有什么概念，怎么回答以上的两个问题？

从这个技术的定位来找出需要学习的重点，即它怎么做到(机制）的和它为什么能这样做到（模型或原理）

列出这个技术最常见的应用，做为学习的任务，从简到难进行实践。

假如我需要学习Javascript ,我对于HTML，CSS有点感性认识

首要我了解到，JS 是WEB领域的动态语言，主要解决网页的动态交互的。

那我要学习的要点如下：

JS如何与HTML 进行交互（机制）

JS的动态特性在那里，与其它动态语言有何区别？（语言模型）

如果完全自学，找到需要学习的要点（机制、模型、原理）设定学习任务的确不是那么容易把握。如果找到一个有经验的人来指导你或加一个学习型的团队，那学习的速度的确会大大提高。

最后，我想说的是： PHP因为简单而使用，但不能因为它的简单而限制我们成长！

from:http://hi.baidu.com/%D3%E3%BA%CD%C3%A8/blog/item/835a6722adeb4e5d9922ed48.html

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