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通过xdebug来分析PHP引用

一直没搞懂php的引用,今天面试的时候又碰到了,借助xdebug貌似理解了一点,记录一下。

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code1:

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$a = "xiaoshenge";$b = &$a;unset($b);echo "b=$b";echo "a=$a";

结果:b=a=xiaoshenge

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code2:

$a = "xiaoshenge";$b = &$a;unset($a);echo "b=$b";echo "a=$a";

结果:b=xiaoshengea=??

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猜测:

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面试的时候是code1,由于没搞懂PHP的引用当时就猜测的写了b=a=,其实这与我把引用跟c里面的指针搞混了有关。回来之后,调试了一下code2,然后彻底迷惑了,于是求救与PHP文档。

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PHP文档中对于引用的介绍:

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引用是什么:在 PHP 中引用意味着用不同的名字访问同一个变量内容。这并不像 C 的指针,替代的是,引用是符号表别名。注意在 PHP 中,变量名和变量内容是不一样的,因此同样的内容可以有不同的名字。最接近的比喻是 Unix 的文件名和文件本身——变量名是目录条目,而变量内容则是文件本身。引用可以被看作是 Unix 文件系统中的 hardlink

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取消引用:当 unset 一个引用,只是断开了变量名和变量内容之间的绑定。这并不意味着变量内容被销毁了。例如:

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<?php $a = 1;$b =& $a;unset($a);?>

?不会 unset?$b,只是?$a再拿这个和 Unix 的?unlink?调用来类比一下可能有助于理解。

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推断:

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文档里面有介绍”引用可以被当作是unix文件系统中的hardlink“,参考http://bbs.chinaunix.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=150986?中的介绍:

硬连接是给文件一个副本,同时建立两者之间的连接关系。修改其中一个,与其连接的文件同时被修改。如果删除其中[color=red]任意一个[/color]其余的文件将不受影响。?

软连接也叫符号连接,他只是对源文件在新的位置建立一个“快捷(借用一下wondows常用词)”,所以,当源文件删除时,符号连接的文件将成为无源之水->仅仅剩下个文件名了,当然删除这个连接,也不会影响到源文件,但对连接文件的使用、引用都是直接调用源文件的。?

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通过xdebug来看zval容器中的变化:

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code1:

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$a = "xiaoshenge";$b = &$a;xdebug_debug_zval( 'a' );xdebug_debug_zval( 'b' );unset($b);xdebug_debug_zval( 'a' );xdebug_debug_zval( 'b' );

结果:

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a:

<em>(refcount=2, is_ref=1)</em>,<small>string</small> <span style="color: #cc0000;">'xiaoshenge'</span> <em>(length=10)</em>

b:

<em>(refcount=2, is_ref=1)</em>,<small>string</small> <span style="color: #cc0000;">'xiaoshenge'</span> <em>(length=10)</em>

a:

<em>(refcount=1, is_ref=0)</em>,<small>string</small> <span style="color: #cc0000;">'xiaoshenge'</span> <em>(length=10)</em>

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code2:

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$a = "xiaoshenge";$b = &$a;xdebug_debug_zval( 'a' );xdebug_debug_zval( 'b' );unset($a);xdebug_debug_zval( 'a' );xdebug_debug_zval( 'b' );

?结果:

a:

<em>(refcount=2, is_ref=1)</em>,<small>string</small> <span style="color: #cc0000;">'xiaoshenge'</span> <em>(length=10)</em>

b:

<em>(refcount=2, is_ref=1)</em>,<small>string</small> <span style="color: #cc0000;">'xiaoshenge'</span> <em>(length=10)</em>

b:

<em>(refcount=1, is_ref=0)</em>,<small>string</small> <span style="color: #cc0000;">'xiaoshenge'</span> <em>(length=10)</em>

?

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结合unix的硬链接来看(应该如下):


unset($a),只是销毁了a-x部分所以$b还在。

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$b=&$b,不是指针那样,$b指向$a,(指针,貌似我的C都还给书了,要补习了)

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面试感受:不能人云亦云,要自己动手,自己思考。PHP手册不能轻视,这个问题文档里面有。

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