What are the multi-write consistency consensus algorithms based on Leader-based non-peer deployment and peer deployment, and how are their nature and implementation different?

In-depth exploration of two distributed system consistency consensus algorithms

In distributed systems, data consistency and consensus reach are crucial. Although the choice of new consistency protocols has been relatively reduced, the current mainstream solutions can still be summarized into two categories: a single-point write consistency algorithm based on Leader, and a multi-write consistency algorithm for peer deployment. This article will compare and analyze the essence and implementation methods of these two algorithms in detail.

Leader-based single-point write consistency

The core of this type of algorithm is that there is a master node (Leader) in the system, and all data writing operations must be processed through this node. Other nodes act as slave nodes, responsible for data synchronization, redundant backup and read operations. Leader nodes are fully responsible for data accuracy and effectiveness, thereby ensuring data consistency. Master-Slave Replication is a typical implementation. The master node is the only write point, and the slave node maintains consistency by replicating the master node data.

Peer-to-peer deployment multi-write consistency

Unlike the former, in the peer-to-peer deployment multi-write consistency algorithm, all nodes have equal status and no fixed leader. Data writing requires sufficient nodes (for example, all nodes or more than half of nodes) to confirm that the write is successful before it is completed. This mechanism ensures high consistency of data, because data is considered valid only if the data is consistent across multiple nodes. Raft and Paxos protocols are representatives of such algorithms, which ensure data consistency through consensus among most nodes.

Summary: Which algorithm to choose depends on the application scenario

To sum up, the non-peer deployment algorithm based on Leader is suitable for scenarios where rapid decision-making and centralized control are required; while the multi-write consistency algorithm of peer deployment is more suitable for distributed environments that pursue high availability and strong consistency. Which algorithm to choose depends on the specific application requirements and system design goals.

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