Git provides in-depth control of version control capabilities through the command line interface. The following steps describe how to use the Git command line: Install Git. Initialize the Git repository. Add and submit changes. View history. Branching and merge. Undo and reset.
How to use the Git command line
Introduction
Git is a powerful and popular distributed version control system that allows developers to track and manage code changes. The command line interface provides in-depth control over Git functionality.
Install Git
- Visit https://git-scm.com/downloads to download and install Git.
- Enter
git --versionin the command line to verify that the installation is successful.
Initialize the Git repository
- Navigate to the directory where you want to version control.
- Enter
git initto create a new Git repository. This will create a hidden directory in the directory called.git.
Add and submit changes
- Use the
git add <file_name></file_name>command to add a new or changed file to the staging area. - Use the
git commit -m "<commit_message>"</commit_message>command to submit changes to the staging area.
View history
- Use the
git logcommand to view the commit history. - Use the
git show <commit_hash></commit_hash>command to view the details of a specific commit.
Branches and merges
- Use
git branch <branch_name></branch_name>command to create a new branch. - Use the
git checkout <branch_name></branch_name>command to switch to a different branch. - Use the
git merge <branch_name></branch_name>command to merge branches together.
Undo and reset
- Use the
git reset HEAD <file_name></file_name>command to undo the changes in the staging area. - Use the
git reset --hard HEADcommand to undo changes in the staging area and working directory.
Other useful commands
-
git push: Push local changes to the remote repository. -
git pull: Pull changes from the remote repository. -
git diff: Compare the differences between files or commits. -
git status: View the status of the current working directory and temporary storage area.
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