Discussion on the log rotation strategy of Debian Node.js

This article discusses the log rotation strategy for running Node.js applications in Debian systems, aiming to effectively manage the size and quantity of log files, avoid excessive disk space, and simplify the log archiving and analysis process.

Log rotation method

1. Take advantage of Node.js log library: Many popular Node.js log libraries (such as Winston, Bunyan, and Pino) ​​have built-in log rotation, which can be easily implemented through configuration. For example, RotatingFileHandler of the Winston library can set the log file size and quantity limits.

2. Configuration file example (Winston):

 const winston = require('winston');

const logger = winston.createLogger({
  level: 'info',
  format: winston.format.json(),
  transports: [
    new winston.transports.File({ filename: 'error.log', level: 'error' }),
    new winston.transports.File({ filename: 'combined.log' }),
    new winston.transports.Console(),
  ],
});

3. Docker log driver: If your application is deployed in a Docker container, you can use Docker's log driver mechanism to manage log rotation. For example, json-file driver can set the log file size and quantity limits with --log-opt parameter. Example:

 docker run -d --name my_app --log-driver json-file --log-opt max-size=10m --log-opt max-file=3 my_image

Recommended Node.js log library

• Winston: A powerful and popular log library that supports multiple output methods and is flexible in configuration.
• Bunyan: Output structured logs in JSON format and provides command-line tools for easy viewing.
• Pino: Lightweight, high-performance log library, suitable for applications with high performance requirements.

The importance of structured logs

Regardless of the log library you choose, it is recommended to use a structured log format (such as JSON) for easy log parsing and analysis. Library such as Winston allows custom log formats to facilitate adding metadata.

Centralized log management

For large applications or scenarios where log management is required, it is recommended to use professional log management tools such as ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) or Graylog. These tools provide powerful log collection, storage, search and analysis capabilities.

By selecting the appropriate log library and configuring a reasonable log rotation strategy, the logs of Node.js applications on the Debian system can be effectively managed, improving the system's maintainability and problem-solving efficiency.

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