How to monitor system performance through Debian logs

Mastering Debian system log monitoring is the key to efficient operation and maintenance. It can help you understand the system's operating conditions in a timely manner, quickly locate faults, and optimize system performance. This article will introduce several commonly used monitoring methods and tools.

Monitor system resources using the sysstat toolkit

The sysstat toolkit provides a series of powerful command line tools for collecting, analyzing, and reporting various system resource metrics, including CPU load, memory usage, disk I/O, network throughput, and more. The main tools include:

• sar: A comprehensive system resource statistics tool, covering CPU, memory, disk, network, etc.
• iostat: disk and CPU statistics.
• mpstat: Statistics of multi-core CPUs.
• pidstat: Process-level resource monitoring.
• nfsiostat: NFS file system statistics.
• tapestat: tape device statistics (less used).
• cifsiostat: CIFS (Windows Sharing) statistics.

Use the journalctl command to view the system log

journalctl is the command line interface of the systemd log manager, which can view the log information of all services. You can filter according to time, priority and other conditions:

• View all logs: journalctl
• Check the log of the last system startup: journalctl -b
• View the logs for a specific service: journalctl -u 服务名称
• View the logs within the specified time range: journalctl --since "2021-01-01" --until "2021-01-31"

Graphical log viewer

In addition to command-line tools, you can also use graphical interface log viewers, such as gnome-system-log or ksystemlog, to browse log information more intuitively.

Real-time monitoring of log files

Use the tail command to view the latest content of the log file in real time:

• View the last 10 lines of the log file: tail -n 10 /var/log/syslog
• View the latest content of the log file in real time: tail -f /var/log/syslog

Log content filtering

The grep command can help you find specific keywords in your log file:

• Find the line containing the "error" keyword in the /var/log/syslog file: grep "error" /var/log/syslog

Through the combination of the above methods and tools, you can effectively monitor the performance of the Debian system, discover and solve problems in a timely manner, and ensure the stable operation of the system.

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