Public Wi-Fi can expose your data. Here’s how to stay safe.

This article has been updated. Originally published June 14, 2017.

Public Wi-Fi is everywhere, from local cafes to city-wide initiatives. While convenient, accessing these networks often involves sharing your personal information with potentially many others. This article offers five key strategies to safeguard your data while using public Wi-Fi.

Understand the Risks

Public Wi-Fi inherently lacks the security of a home network. Sharing the network with numerous strangers increases the risk of your online activity being monitored. Complete privacy on public Wi-Fi is impossible without avoiding it altogether. However, responsible usage minimizes risks. Avoid sensitive tasks like online banking or accessing work emails. Limit your activities to less sensitive tasks such as checking news or sports scores.

To further mitigate risk, minimize your browsing time, disconnect promptly after use, and ensure your devices have the latest software updates.

Scrutinize the Fine Print

Always read the terms and conditions before connecting to a public Wi-Fi network. Understand what information you're providing and how it will be used. Large corporations may collect data for marketing, while smaller, less reputable networks pose a higher risk. Research the network provider beforehand, for example, review McDonald's Wi-Fi terms or New York City's LinkNYC policy. Planning ahead allows you to choose safer options.

Prioritize HTTPS Connections

Look for the padlock icon and "https://" in website URLs. HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) encrypts your connection, making it harder for others to intercept your data. While casual browsing is safer on public Wi-Fi, HTTPS is crucial for accessing sensitive accounts. Major sites like Google and Facebook generally use HTTPS.

Utilize a VPN

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) encrypts all data transmitted between your device and the internet, providing a strong layer of security on public Wi-Fi. However, choosing a trustworthy VPN provider is critical, as you're entrusting them with your internet traffic. Consider reputable paid services like AirVPN, IPVanish, NordVPN, ExpressVPN, or Private Internet Access. Our guide to online privacy offers further VPN selection advice.

Choose Networks Wisely

Not all public Wi-Fi networks are equal. Networks requiring authentication (e.g., password, purchase) are generally safer than open networks due to limited access. Prioritize reputable providers like your mobile carrier or cable company, and avoid unknown networks. Consistency is key; using the same network repeatedly reduces exposure to various security setups and data collection practices.

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