What are access modifiers in Java?

Java access modifiers control the visibility and accessibility of classes, methods, constructors, and data members. There are four access modifiers in Java:

public: Classes, methods and data members can be accessed from anywhere in the program.

public class MyClass {
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("Public method");
    }
}

private: Data members can only be accessed within the same class in which they are declared, and cannot be accessed by other classes even within the same package.

public class MyClass {
    private int data = 10;
    private void display() {
        System.out.println("Private method");
    }
}

protected: Data members and methods are accessible in the same package and subclasses.

public class MyClass {
    protected int data = 10;
    protected void display() {
        System.out.println("Protected method");
    }
}

default (package access): If no keyword is specified, the default access modifier is applied, which makes the class, method or data member only accessible within the same package.

class MyClass {  // default access
    void display() {  // default access
        System.out.println("Default method");
    }
}

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