SQL: Copying Data Between Tables
A frequent SQL task involves transferring data from one table to another. While specific syntax might differ slightly across database systems, a broadly compatible approach uses the INSERT INTO ... SELECT
statement.
Standard SQL Syntax for Data Insertion
The following syntax provides a high degree of compatibility across various database management systems (DBMS):
INSERT INTO target_table (column1, column2, ...) SELECT source_column1, source_column2, ... FROM source_table [WHERE condition];
Here's a breakdown:
-
target_table
: The table receiving the new data. -
column1, column2, ...
: The columns intarget_table
where data will be inserted. The order must match theSELECT
statement. -
source_column1, source_column2, ...
: The columns insource_table
providing the data. The data types should be compatible with the correspondingtarget_table
columns. -
source_table
: The table providing the data. -
WHERE condition
(optional): Filters the data fromsource_table
before insertion. Only rows satisfying the condition are copied.
DBMS Compatibility
This INSERT INTO ... SELECT
method generally works across a wide range of DBMS, including:
- Oracle
- Microsoft SQL Server
- MySQL
- PostgreSQL
- SQLite
- Teradata
- DB2
- Sybase
- Vertica
- HSQLDB
- H2
- Amazon Redshift
- SAP HANA
- Google Cloud Spanner
Illustrative Example
Let's say we have an "employees" table and a "department_summary" table. To populate department_summary
with employee department names:
INSERT INTO department_summary (department_name) SELECT department FROM employees;
This inserts all unique department names from the employees
table into the department_name
column of the department_summary
table. Note that duplicate department names will only be inserted once. If you need to handle duplicates differently, you'll need to add additional logic (e.g., using GROUP BY
and aggregate functions).
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