How to Implement JWT Bearer Token Authentication in ASP.NET Web API on IIS?

Implementing JWT Bearer Token Authentication in ASP.NET Web API on IIS

Introduction

Modern distributed applications often require more robust authentication than traditional ASP.NET Web API methods like forms or Windows authentication. This guide details implementing JWT bearer token authentication in a Web API hosted on IIS.

Implementing JWT Authentication

1. Token Generation

A JWT token comprises a header, claims, and signature. The System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt NuGet package facilitates token generation using HMACSHA256 with a symmetric key.

public static string GenerateToken(string username, int expireMinutes = 20)
{
    var symmetricKey = Convert.FromBase64String(Secret);
    var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();

    ...

    return token;
}

2. Token Validation

Token validation is achieved using:

private static bool ValidateToken(string token, out string username)
{
    ...
}

This forms the core of a custom authentication filter attribute:

public class JwtAuthenticationAttribute : Attribute, IAuthenticationFilter
{
    ...
}

3. Request Authentication

Apply the JwtAuthenticationAttribute to actions or routes requiring authentication. The filter validates the JWT and provides a ClaimsPrincipal (or null on failure).

4. Authorization

Employ the AuthorizeAttribute globally to restrict anonymous access. Within secured actions, retrieve user details from the ClaimsPrincipal.

Summary

This method enables JWT bearer token authentication in your IIS-hosted ASP.NET Web API without OWIN middleware, offering secure and scalable authorization for your web services.

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