EXEC(@SQL) vs. EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL: Which Dynamic SQL Approach Should You Choose?

SQL Server Stored Procedures: EXEC(@SQL) vs. EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL for Dynamic SQL

In SQL Server stored procedures, the decision between EXEC(@SQL) and EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL for dynamic SQL significantly impacts performance and security. Let's compare their strengths and weaknesses.

EXEC(@SQL)

Advantages:

• Potential Performance Gain: For uncomplicated, single-execution SQL statements, this method might offer a slight speed advantage.

Disadvantages:

• Security Risks: Vulnerable to SQL injection attacks if input isn't carefully sanitized.
• Limited Parameterization: Only supports simple value parameters; lacks support for table-valued parameters or output parameters.

EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL

Advantages:

• Parameterized Queries: Explicit parameter handling improves query plan reuse and prevents SQL injection.
• Enhanced Parameter Support: Handles value, table-valued, and output parameters.
• Data Type Validation: Built-in checks for parameter data types and sizes minimize errors.

Disadvantages:

• Performance Overhead (Potential): May be slower for complex queries or repeated executions.
• Additional Execution Layer: Adds a layer of overhead compared to EXEC(@SQL).

Recommendation

The optimal choice depends on your specific dynamic SQL needs. For simple, infrequent queries where security isn't paramount, EXEC(@SQL) might suffice. However, EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL is generally the safer and more robust option, especially for complex queries, multiple parameters, or situations requiring stringent security. Prioritizing security and maintainability usually outweighs minor performance differences.

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