How Can I Efficiently Retrieve the Top N Highest Values in Oracle SQL?

Extracting Top N Records in Oracle SQL

Need to fetch a specific number of rows with the highest or lowest values in a column? Oracle's analytic functions, like RANK() and DENSE_RANK(), provide efficient solutions.

For example, to identify the top five highest-earning employees, use RANK():

SELECT * FROM (
  SELECT empno, sal, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY sal DESC) AS rnk
  FROM emp
)
WHERE rnk <= 5;

DENSE_RANK() offers a variation, eliminating gaps in ranking caused by ties:

SELECT * FROM (
  SELECT empno, sal, DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY sal DESC) AS rnk
  FROM emp
)
WHERE rnk <= 5;

The best approach depends on your specific needs.

ROW_NUMBER() assigns a unique rank to each row, but it arbitrarily removes ties, which might not be suitable for all scenarios.

SELECT * FROM (
  SELECT empno, sal, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY sal DESC) AS rnk
  FROM emp
)
WHERE rnk <= 5;

While a non-analytic method using ROWNUM exists, it's less reliable due to potential inconsistencies and is generally less preferred. The analytic function methods above provide more robust and predictable results.

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