Home >Backend Development >Python Tutorial >How can I run Python scripts with elevated privileges on Windows?
Many tasks in application development require elevated privileges, particularly when interacting with system resources or executing administrative operations. This article addresses the specific problem of running scripts in Python that require administrative access.
The provided code sample attempts to initiate a script with elevated permissions. However, the script never proceeds past the permission prompt. The issue appears to lie in a common misconception regarding the execution of the script.
The provided code is based on the assumption that it can self-elevate by restarting itself with administrator rights. However, this approach is not feasible due to the nature of privileged operations in Windows. Instead, we must utilize external mechanisms to request elevation.
One highly effective solution is a comprehensive script created by Preston Landers in 2010. This script enables users to easily check if the current user has administrative privileges and, if not, request UAC elevation. The script provides visual feedback in separate windows, indicating the system's actions.
The script can be integrated into your main application using the following snippet:
import admin if not admin.isUserAdmin(): admin.runAsAdmin()
The full script code can be found below:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8; mode: python; py-indent-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- # vim: fileencoding=utf-8 tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4 # (C) COPYRIGHT © Preston Landers 2010 # Released under the same license as Python 2.6.5 import sys, os, traceback, types def isUserAdmin(): if os.name == 'nt': import ctypes # WARNING: requires Windows XP SP2 or higher! try: return ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin() except: traceback.print_exc() print "Admin check failed, assuming not an admin." return False elif os.name == 'posix': # Check for root on Posix return os.getuid() == 0 else: raise RuntimeError, "Unsupported operating system for this module: %s" % (os.name,) def runAsAdmin(cmdLine=None, wait=True): if os.name != 'nt': raise RuntimeError, "This function is only implemented on Windows." import win32api, win32con, win32event, win32process from win32com.shell.shell import ShellExecuteEx from win32com.shell import shellcon python_exe = sys.executable if cmdLine is None: cmdLine = [python_exe] + sys.argv elif type(cmdLine) not in (types.TupleType,types.ListType): raise ValueError, "cmdLine is not a sequence." cmd = '"%s"' % (cmdLine[0],) # XXX TODO: isn't there a function or something we can call to massage command line params? params = " ".join(['"%s"' % (x,) for x in cmdLine[1:]]) cmdDir = '' showCmd = win32con.SW_SHOWNORMAL #showCmd = win32con.SW_HIDE lpVerb = 'runas' # causes UAC elevation prompt. # print "Running", cmd, params # ShellExecute() doesn't seem to allow us to fetch the PID or handle # of the process, so we can't get anything useful from it. Therefore # the more complex ShellExecuteEx() must be used. # procHandle = win32api.ShellExecute(0, lpVerb, cmd, params, cmdDir, showCmd) procInfo = ShellExecuteEx(nShow=showCmd, fMask=shellcon.SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS, lpVerb=lpVerb, lpFile=cmd, lpParameters=params) if wait: procHandle = procInfo['hProcess'] obj = win32event.WaitForSingleObject(procHandle, win32event.INFINITE) rc = win32process.GetExitCodeProcess(procHandle) #print "Process handle %s returned code %s" % (procHandle, rc) else: rc = None return rc def test(): rc = 0 if not isUserAdmin(): print "You're not an admin.", os.getpid(), "params: ", sys.argv #rc = runAsAdmin(["c:\Windows\notepad.exe"]) rc = runAsAdmin() else: print "You are an admin!", os.getpid(), "params: ", sys.argv rc = 0 x = raw_input('Press Enter to exit.') return rc if __name__ == "__main__": sys.exit(test())
Alternatively, you can now install and use this script as a Python package from PyPi. Follow these steps:
import pyuac def main(): print("Do stuff here that requires being run as an admin.") # The window will disappear as soon as the program exits! input("Press enter to close the window. >") if __name__ == "__main__": if not pyuac.isUserAdmin(): print("Re-launching as admin!") pyuac.runAsAdmin() else: main() # Already an admin here.
Or, use the decorator:
from pyuac import main_requires_admin @main_requires_admin def main(): print("Do stuff here that requires being run as an admin.") # The window will disappear as soon as the program exits! input("Press enter to close the window. >") if __name__ == "__main__": main()
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