How to Send Multipart/Form-Data Requests in Python using Requests and Requests-Toolbelt?

Sending Multipart/Form-Data with Requests in Python

Requests provides the ability to send multipart/form-data requests, allowing for both file uploads and form data submission.

File Uploads

To upload a file, simply specify a key-value pair in the files parameter, where the key is the form field name and the value is an open file object or file path. For instance:

import requests

with open('image.jpg', 'rb') as f:
    file_data = {'image': f}

response = requests.post('http://example.com/upload', files=file_data)

Form Data Submission

To send form data, you can also use the files parameter. However, unlike file uploads, the values are not file objects but strings or bytes.

To specify form data, use a dictionary where the keys are the form field names and the values are the data you want to submit. For example:

form_data = {'username': 'myusername', 'password': 'mypassword'}

response = requests.post('http://example.com/login', files=form_data)

Combining Files and Form Data

You can simultaneously upload files and submit form data by using both the files and data parameters. If data is a string, it will be used instead of files. If data is a dictionary, it will be merged with files.

For instance:

form_data = {'comment': 'Hello, world!'}
file_data = {'image': 'image.jpg'}

response = requests.post('http://example.com/post', data=form_data, files=file_data)

Advanced Multipart Support with Requests-Toolbelt

The requests-toolbelt library provides enhanced multipart support that includes advanced features like:

• Streaming data uploads
• Custom filenames and MIME types
• Extra headers for each part

To use requests-toolbelt, install it via pip install requests-toolbelt and follow these steps:

1. Import the necessary module:

from requests_toolbelt.multipart.encoder import MultipartEncoder

2. Create a MultipartEncoder object:

mp_encoder = MultipartEncoder(
    fields={
        'field_name': 'field_value',
        ('file_name', 'file_content', 'file_type'),
        # Other form data fields and files can be added here
    }
)

3. Make the HTTP request:

headers = {'Content-Type': mp_encoder.content_type}
response = requests.post('http://example.com/post', data=mp_encoder, headers=headers)

By utilizing these methods, you can seamlessly send multipart/form-data requests in Python for both file uploads and form data submission.

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