Why is My SSL Connection Failing with a 'Handshake_Failure' Error?

Diagnosing a "Handshake_Failure" in an SSL Connection

The "handshake_failure" error in SSL connections can arise due to several underlying causes. To resolve this issue, it is crucial to identify the specific cause.

Possible Causes:

• Cipher Suite Mismatch: The client and server may be using incompatible cipher suites. Ensure that the client supports the cipher suite chosen by the server.
• SSL Version Incompatibility: The client and server may be using different versions of SSL. Ensure that the client uses a compatible version supported by the server.
• Incomplete Certificate Trust Path: The server's certificate may not be fully trusted by the client. Import the server's CA certificate into the client's trust store.
• Certificate Mismatch with Domain: The server's certificate may be issued for a different domain than the one the client is connecting to. Obtain a certificate that matches the domain name of the server.

Debugging SSL Handshake:

To pinpoint the cause of the handshake failure, enable debugging using the -Djavax.net.debug=all JVM flag. This will provide detailed information about the SSL connection establishment.

Analyzing the Debug Output:

1. Keystores and Trust Stores: Confirm that the correct keystore and trust store are being used.
2. Certificate Chain: Check if the server's CA certificate is present in the trust store.
3. Handshake Process: Examine the handshake steps in the logs. Identify the step where the failure occurred. This could be in the ClientHello, ServerHello, or subsequent stages.

Resolving the Issue:

Based on the identified cause, take appropriate steps to resolve the issue. This may involve updating cipher suites, ensuring SSL version compatibility, importing CA certificates, or obtaining a correct certificate from the server.

Update:

The issue appears to be an incomplete certificate trust path. Add the server's CA certificate to the client's trust store, ensuring a complete trust chain between the server certificate and a trusted root CA.

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