Why Does 'require is not defined' Occur in Browser-Based JavaScript, and How Can It Be Resolved?

Browser-Based Module Loading: Resolving the 'require is not defined' Error

In web development, when loading client-side JavaScript files, it's common to encounter the error "Uncaught ReferenceError: require is not defined." This error arises when attempting to use the Node.js module loading function require() in a browser environment.

Understanding the Error

Unlike Node.js, which supports server-side JavaScript execution, browsers do not provide the require() function out of the box. This is because browsers load JavaScript files directly into the global scope, where variables and functions cannot be hidden or encapsulated.

Module Management Options

To resolve this issue and enable module loading in browsers, developers have three primary options:

• Using the
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