How to Add Compiler and Linker Flags in CMake?

Adding Linker and Compiler Flags in CMake Files

When compiling C programs, it is often necessary to add specific flags to control the behavior of the compiler or linker. In CMake, these flags can be added to the project using various mechanisms.

Adding Compile Flags

• Setting CMAKE_C_FLAGS: This sets the compile flags for C code.
• Using add_definitions: Flags can be added directly to the target definition without modifying any CMake variables.

Example:

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-fexceptions")

Adding Linker Flags

• Setting CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS: This sets the linker flags for executables.
• Using set_target_properties: Allows setting target-specific properties, including linker flags.

Example:

set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "-lgcov")

Specific Example for -fexceptions

To add the -fexceptions flag, you can use any of the following methods:

• Method 1 (Deprecated):

set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "-fexceptions")

• Method 2 (Preferred):

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fexceptions")

• Method 3 (Using Target Properties):

get_target_property(TARGET_COMPILE_FLAGS <target> COMPILE_FLAGS)
if(NOT TARGET_COMPILE_FLAGS)
  set(TARGET_COMPILE_FLAGS "")
endif()
set_target_properties(<target> PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "${TARGET_COMPILE_FLAGS} -fexceptions")

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