How are Escape Characters Used in C String Literals?

Escape Characters in C String Literals

In string literals, the escape character () is used to represent special characters and prevent ambiguity. The following are the rules governing its use:

Control Characters:

• a: Bell or alert
• b: Backspace
• t: Horizontal tab
• n: Newline
• v: Vertical tab
• f: Form feed
• r: Carriage return
• e: Escape (non-standard GCC extension)

Punctuation Characters:

• ": Quotation mark (not required for '"')
• ': Apostrophe (not required for "'")
• ?: Question mark (used to avoid trigraphs)
• : Backslash

Numeric Character References:

• octal digits (up to 3)
• x hex digits (any number)
• u 4 hex digits (Unicode BMP, C 11)
• U 8 hex digits (Unicode astral planes, C 11)

The escape sequence

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