How to Efficiently Merge Two 2D Arrays Based on a Shared Column Value in PHP?

Merging 2D Arrays Based on Shared Column Value

For the given 2D arrays:

$array1 = [
    ['rank' => '579', 'id' => '1'],
    ['rank' => '251', 'id' => '2'],
];

$array2 = [
    ['size' => 'S', 'status' => 'A', 'id' => '1'],
    ['size' => 'L', 'status' => 'A', 'id' => '2'],
];

Merging Using Native PHP Array Functions

To merge the arrays based on the shared 'id' column, you can leverage the array_merge_recursive() function. It recursively merges elements from the input arrays while preserving keys:

$merged = array_merge_recursive($array1, $array2);

print_r($merged);
// Output:
// Array
// (
//     [0] => Array
//         (
//             [rank] => 579
//             [id] => 1
//             [size] => S
//             [status] => A
//         )
//     [1] => Array
//         (
//             [rank] => 251
//             [id] => 2
//             [size] => L
//             [status] => A
//         )
// )

Custom Merging Function

Alternatively, you can define your own function for merging arrays based on a specified key:

function my_array_merge($array1, $array2, $key)
{
    $result = [];
    foreach ($array1 as $item) {
        $result[$item[$key]] = array_merge($item, $array2[$item[$key]]);
    }
    return $result;
}

$merged = my_array_merge($array1, $array2, 'id');

print_r($merged);
// Output:
// Array
// (
//     [1] => Array
//         (
//             [rank] => 579
//             [id] => 1
//             [size] => S
//             [status] => A
//         )
//     [2] => Array
//         (
//             [rank] => 251
//             [id] => 2
//             [size] => L
//             [status] => A
//         )
// )

Consider using my_array_merge() when working with large arrays as it can potentially outperform array_merge_recursive().

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