How Does Java Initialize Classes and Objects?

Java Order of Initialization and Instantiation

Class Initialization

Initialization of a class or interface involves the following steps:

• Assignment of compile-time constant fields
• Recursive initialization of the superclass (if not already initialized)
• Processing of static initializers (including those for non-compile-time constant static fields)

Interface Initialization

Interfaces are initialized when they are first accessed, typically by reading a field that is not a compile-time constant. This access may occur during the evaluation of an initializer, leading to recursive initialization.

Initialization of Objects

When a new object is created:

1. Arguments for the constructor are assigned to parameter variables.
2. An explicit or implicit constructor invocation in the superclass is processed recursively.
3. Instance initializers and instance variable initializers are executed.
4. The rest of the constructor body is executed.

An explicit call to the super constructor does not alter the initialization process; it merely specifies which superclass constructor is invoked.

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